Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41712961›Full record

Observational studyJMIR formative research2026

Feasibility of a Noncontact Photoplethysmography-Based Mobile App for Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring: Exploratory Observational Study.

Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Paolo Agnelli, Lucia Labati, Erika Cordaro, Davide Braghieri, Paolo Fiorina, Simona Bertoli, Cesare Celeste Federico Berra, Marina Croci, Maria Elena Malighetti and 7 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in JMIR formative research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Gianvincenzo ZuccottiDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Via GB Battista 32, Milan, 20154, Italy, 39 0263635321.ORCID 0000-0002-2795-9874
Paolo AgnelliCome Stai S.p.A., Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-1378-4798
Lucia LabatiDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Via GB Battista 32, Milan, 20154, Italy, 39 0263635321.ORCID 0009-0001-4190-6234
Erika CordaroPediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6634-9254
Davide BraghieriDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Via GB Battista 32, Milan, 20154, Italy, 39 0263635321.ORCID 0009-0000-6418-1371
Paolo FiorinaDivision of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1093-7724
Simona BertoliDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5867-8074
Cesare Celeste Federico BerraDipartimento Cardiovascolare e Metabolico, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni-Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8431-8160
Marina CrociDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6022-2607
Maria Elena MalighettiAmbulatorio di Diabetologia, Casa di Cura Ambrosiana, Cesano Boscone, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9021-8238
Fabrizio LosurdoDivision of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5851-7764
Andrea FoppianiDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2803-7713
Loredana BucciarelliDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Science, International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9110-6529
Marco XodoCome Stai S.p.A., Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-6268-3237
Alberto BattezzatiDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4134-0557
Sergio De PasqualeCome Stai S.p.A., Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-8035-3904
Valeria CalcaterraPediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2137-5974

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a widespread global health issue. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurement remains the most common method for anemia screening and diagnosis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of noninvasive point-of-care technologies that eliminate the need for blood sampling. Objective: This pilot study explores the feasibility of using a noncontact photoplethysmography-based mobile app for Hb monitoring. Methods: Adult volunteers aged 18 years and older, of both sexes, were consecutively recruited. Participants were seated and allowed a 2-minute rest before measurements. During testing, they faced a smartphone running comestai.app, which used the front-facing camera to capture facial videos. Simultaneous readings were collected for Hb over approximately 90 seconds using the app. Ambient lighting was standardized for all remote photoplethysmography recordings. No medical decisions were made based on the app-generated data. A complete blood count, including Hb levels, was used as a reference for comparison with the data collected using comestai.app. Results: A total of 555 (female: n=313, 56.4%; male: n=242, 43.6%) individuals participated in the study. The app achieved a mean absolute error of 1.46, a mean absolute percentage error of 11.26, a mean error of -0.67, and a root mean square error of 1.88. The Bland-Altman plot evaluated the agreement between the app-based and laboratory-based Hb measurements, with the mean difference between the 2 methods being -0.70 g/dL. The method demonstrated an overall accuracy of 75%. The area under the curve was 0.701 (95% CI 0.655-0.745). Conclusions: Comestai.app offers an innovative approach to wellness monitoring by providing noninvasive Hb estimation using the smartphone's front-facing camera. Continued development, including algorithmic refinement and larger-scale validation in diverse populations, will be key to enhancing accuracy and broadening its utility. By leveraging the ubiquity of smartphones, comestai.app contributes meaningfully to the democratization of health monitoring and the promotion of proactive self-care.

Indexed as

HemoglobinsMobile ApplicationsPhotoplethysmographyAdolescentAdultAgedFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMonitoring, PhysiologicPilot ProjectsYoung AdultHemoglobinshemoglobinmobile appnoncontact photoplethysmographynoncontact PPGnoninvasive monitoring

Identifiers

PMID41712961
PMCPMC12919986

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.