ArticlePLoS pathogens2026
Immune-focused RBD nanoparticles induce cross-reactive, RBS-directed responses capable of variant-resistant SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
33 authors.
Funding
Abstract
New SARS-CoV-2 variants pose an ongoing threat due to persistent immune escape of natural and vaccine-induced immunity. The emergence of BA.1 (Omicron) produced a large antigenic shift in the spike protein, rendering many antibodies ineffective with concomitant loss of Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) status. While strains have evolved far from BA.1, re-emergence of variants from branches closer to BA.1 are of recent concern. Here, we engineered a self-assembling nanoparticle displaying RBD 4mut g5.1, an immunogen developed using structure-guided design to focus antibody responses to the receptor binding site (RBS) epitope and promote cross-reactivity by inclusion of four rationally selected BA.1 mutations in the RBS. Unlike multi-component RBD approaches, we demonstrate a single, rationally designed component is sufficient for generating broad immunity. We demonstrate that in both naïve and antigen-experienced mice, RBD 4mut g5.1 nanoparticle induced cross-reactive and durable antibody responses capable of potent neutralization of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and many Omicron variants. RBD 4mut g5.1 provided heterologous protection at a memory timepoint. By showcasing how subtle changes in an epitope can trigger a diversified antibody response, this study offers a promising new avenue for developing vaccines that can more effectively tackle the ever-evolving threat of immune escape, not only against SARS-CoV-2 but potentially against a range of variable pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.