Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41712160›Full record

ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2026

Rurality and Income on Breast Cancer Outcomes: An Analysis of the SEER Database.

Suniah Ayub, Angelo Marra, Yuan Liu, Lauren M Postlewait, Clara Farley, Olivia Cheng, Caroline Fiser, Monica Rizzo, Cletus Arciero

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Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Suniah AyubDepartment of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory Winship Cancer Institute at ESJH, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. sayub@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-5387
Angelo MarraDepartment of Biostatistics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Yuan LiuDepartment of Biostatistics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lauren M PostlewaitDepartment of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory Winship Cancer Institute at ESJH, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Clara FarleyDepartment of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory Winship Cancer Institute at ESJH, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Olivia ChengDepartment of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Caroline FiserTexas Breast Specialists, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
Monica RizzoDepartment of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory Winship Cancer Institute at ESJH, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Cletus ArcieroDepartment of Surgery and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory Winship Cancer Institute at ESJH, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDisparate breast cancer outcomes have been reported in rural settings and for lower-income patients. There are limited data on the interaction between rurality and income in breast cancer outcomes, particularly at the national level. PATIENTS AND

methodsThe National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program's 17 Registry was queried for new breast cancer diagnoses (2004-2020). Location was defined as rural or urban on the basis of SEER's Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Annual income was defined as lower (≤ $55,000) or higher (> $55,000). Data were stratified by rurality and income level. Oncologic factors and outcomes were compared.

resultsOf 815,220 breast cancer cases identified, 57,063 were rural lower-income (RLI), 55,667 were urban lower-income (ULI), 29,762 were rural higher-income (RHI), and 672,728 were urban higher-income (UHI). RLI patients were more likely to be diagnosed with localized (breast only) disease (66.06% versus 65.34%, P = 0.01) and over age 75 (31.52% versus 28.58%, P < 0.001) compared with ULI patients. ULI patients had higher rates of estrogen receptor-negative (20.26% versus 18.97%, P < 0.001) and HER2-positive (10.74% versus 9.27%, P < 0.001) disease compared with RLI patients. ULI patients had higher lumpectomy rates compared with RLI patients (53.01% versus 51.26%, P < 0.001) and were more likely to undergo chemotherapy (43.69% versus 41.08%, P < 0.001) or radiation (52.65% versus 47.67%, P < 0.001).

conclusionsFor patients with breast cancer, both income level and residential setting are associated with disparate clinical presentations and treatment patterns. This complex interaction between rurality and income merits additional study to understand the geospatial distribution of disparities and investigate potential interventions.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsIncomeRural PopulationUrban PopulationAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMiddle AgedPrognosisSEER ProgramSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSurvival RateUnited StatesBreast cancerDatabaseIncomeOutcomesRuralUrban

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PMID41712160

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.