Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41712012›Full record

ArticleCarbon balance and management2026

Bridging the sustainability gap: the impact of business-government relations on corporate carbon monitoring in developing countries.

Karamat Khan, Waseem Ahmad Khan, Yucong Yan, Maryam Khokhar, Mohd Ziaur Rehman, Assad Ullah

Abstract read
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Article in Carbon balance and management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Karamat KhanSchool of Digital Commerce, Zhejiang Yuexiu University, Shaoxing, China.
Waseem Ahmad KhanSchool of English for International Business, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510420, China. waseemkhan_hcbf@yahoo.com.
Yucong YanPostdoctoral Programme, Guosen Securities Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Maryam KhokharBahria Business School, Bahria University , Karachi, Pakistan.
Mohd Ziaur RehmanDepartment of Finance, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh, 11587, Saudi Arabia.
Assad UllahSchool of Economics and Management, Hainan Normal University, Hainan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Business-government relations (BGR) are widely recognized as an influential factor in firms' strategic decision-making. This study examines the association between BGR and firms' environmental sustainability practices in developing countries. Using firm-level cross sectional data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, the results indicate that stronger BGR are positively associated with the adoption of carbon monitoring practices. This relationship is more pronounced in firms with female leadership and more experienced top managers, while corruption weakens the positive role of BGR. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive association between BGR and carbon emission monitoring is stronger among large firms, externally audited firms, firms located in capital cities and independently operated firms. This study contributes to the sustainability and governance literature and offers significant policy implications.

Indexed as

Business-government relationsCorporate emission monitoringEnvironmental sustainabilityWorld bank enterprise survey

Identifiers

PMID41712012
PMCPMC12961803

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.