ArticleArchives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery2026
Dynamic radiographic angle changes in planovalgus foot correction among children with cerebral palsy.
Article in Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPlanovalgus foot is the most frequent foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy (CP), often impairing gait and functional mobility. Radiographic angular measurements are essential tools for assessing deformity severity and monitoring postoperative outcomes, yet their dynamic behavior after correction remains poorly characterized.
objectiveTo analyze pre- and postoperative variations of radiographic angles in spastic planovalgus feet surgically treated using Mosca’s calcaneal lengthening technique within a retrospective cohort, and to provide an educational reference for orthopedic residents regarding angular behavior and measurement interpretation.
methodsA retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was performed on 132 (128 patients; 4 bilateral cases) feet of children with CP (GMFCS I–V) undergoing calcaneal lengthening, with or without adjunctive procedures (reefing or arthrodesis). Standardized weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were analyzed at five time points (preoperative, immediate postoperative, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years). The evaluated angles included: AP talocalcaneal (Kite’s), AP talo–first metatarsal, talonavicular coverage, calcaneus–fifth metatarsal (C5M), Costa–Bartani, Meary’s, lateral talocalcaneal, and calcaneal inclination. Descriptive statistics were applied to assess temporal evolution.
resultsAll radiographic parameters showed immediate postoperative improvement, confirming effective deformity correction. The AP talocalcaneal angle decreased from 31.6° preoperatively to 24.0° postoperatively, while the calcaneal pitch increased from 7.1° to 19.1°. Mild regression was observed in several angles particularly C5M and Meary’s at two years, likely reflecting growth-related and neuromuscular factors.
conclusionCalcaneal lengthening provides measurable and durable radiographic correction in CP-related planovalgus foot, although partial regression of some parameters over time highlights the dynamic nature of the deformity. Radiographic angles remain reliable for postoperative monitoring and educational training, supporting their use as a standardized multi-angle assessment tool in the medium-term management of these patients.
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