ArticleInternational orthopaedics2026
How much does radiographic projection affect the measurement of glenoid inclination?
Article in International orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Zone-specific acromial cortical thickening after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.International orthopaedics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe measurement of glenoid and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) inclination has both clinical and research relevance. The purpose of this study was to better understand if and how much radiographic projection and scapula position affect the perception of glenoid inclination. MATERIALS AND
methodsTwenty computed-tomography (CT) scans of arthritic shoulders were used to create digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) through 3° increments of inclination, retraction and protraction on a scapular coordinate system. The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) angles were measured on each image.
resultsThe mean range (difference between maximum and minimum values) of rTSA and TSA angle measurements based on simulation of scapula inclination was 14° and 17°, respectively. Nineteen of 20 cases showed a trend towards a higher rTSA and TSA angle with greater forward inclination. With simulated scapula retraction, the maximum difference between rTSA and TSA angle measurements was a mean 11° and 14°, respectively. With simulated scapula protraction, the maximum difference observed for rTSA and TSA angle measurements based was a mean 14° and 11°, respectively. Scapula protraction and retraction did not produce consistent or linear trends in rTSA or TSA angle measurement.
conclusionThe radiographic measurement of rTSA and TSA angles is moderately variable based on scapula protraction, retraction and inclination. Forward inclination may increase the perception of superior tilt.
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