Observational studyESC heart failure2026
Sex-related disparities in elderly patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
Observational study in ESC heart failure, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect ofFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHeart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF) is a complex syndrome common in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Age and sex affect the clinical phenotypes and outcomes of this condition. This study aimed to identify age- and sex-specific factors influencing prognosis in elderly patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF to improve risk stratification and guide personalized treatment.
methodsThis observational, ambispective study was conducted at Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, from June 2017 to August 2022, enrolling patients >65 years with HFmrEF/HFpEF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-IV] according to ESC guidelines. Data collected included demographics, medical history, echocardiograms, and lab tests. Follow-up lasted at least 1 year, with outcomes defined as a composite of all-cause death, urgent heart transplant, HF hospitalization, and emergency department referral for decompensated HF. Findings were validated using the Swedish HF registry with a similar cohort.
resultsAmong 2263 HF patients, 971 HFmrEF/HFpEF patients (56.8% males, mean age 79.2 years) were analysed. Males had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. diabetes, obesity, coronary artery disease). The composite outcome occurred more frequently in males (20.6 vs 17.14 per 100 patient years; IRR = 1.20, P = .035). Multivariable analysis identified male sex (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.73), age >80 years (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.22-3.00), higher NYHA class, chronic kidney disease, and severe valvular heart disease as independent predictors of worse outcomes. Males had a 40% higher risk of the outcome compared with women (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.73), while patients >80 years old had nearly double the risk compared with those aged 65-70 (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.22-3.00). The validation analysis in the SwedeHF, adapting the same multiple Cox regression model on 20 950 selected patients, median age 79 years and 57.8% men, and observed between January 2017 and August 2022, showed similar independent risk factors for the composite outcome.
conclusionThis study highlights significant sex disparities in elderly HFmrEF/HFpEF patients, with higher age and male sex being an independent predictor for poor outcomes. These findings emphasize the need for personalized treatment strategies based on these demographic factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.