Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41711276›Full record

ArticleJournal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association2026

"They Didn't Know How to Support Me": The Experiences of Transgender Men and Non-Binary People With Chestfeeding.

Erin Ziegler, Barbara Chyzzy, Erin Kuri, Joon Lee, Nerina Chiodo, Stacia Stewart, Karen A Campbell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Erin ZieglerToronto Metropolitan University, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9383-8253
Barbara ChyzzyToronto Metropolitan University, ON, Canada.
Erin KuriMcMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Joon LeeToronto Metropolitan University, ON, Canada.
Nerina ChiodoMothercraft, Breaking the Cycle-Pregnancy Outreach Program, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Stacia StewartParkdale Queen West Community Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Karen A CampbellYork University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResearch and education on lactation often overlooks the needs and experiences of transgender men and non-binary individuals who are chestfeeding. Support from partners and compassionate, informed healthcare practitioners can significantly enhance their chestfeeding experience. RESEARCH

aimGuided by queer phenomenology, the purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of chestfeeding from the perspectives of transgender men and non-binary people.

methodsThis qualitative study followed the tenets of interpretive description. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with transgender men and non-binary people in Ontario, Canada, who had recent chestfeeding experiences.

resultsTransgender men and non-binary people (N = 8) identified a variety of facilitators and barriers to chestfeeding. Having access to support systems, knowledgeable practitioners who provide gender-affirming care, and bodily autonomy were protective factors through the chestfeeding experience. In addition, planning and preparing for chestfeeding experiences added to positive experiences with chestfeeding. Gender dysphoria and transphobic societal norms were barriers to chestfeeding.

conclusionThe chestfeeding experiences of transgender men and non-binary parents are shaped by the presence or absence of gender-affirming and knowledgeable care. Disorienting experiences, including misgendering and inadequate support, can disrupt lactation and harm well-being, while affirming interactions enhance embodiment and self-advocacy. This study suggests there is a need for inclusive policies, comprehensive provider education, and practices that affirm diverse gender identities across the perinatal period.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingLactationTransgender PersonsAdultFemaleGender-Affirming CareGender-Nonconforming PersonsHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedOntarioQualitative Researchbreastfeedingchestfeedinghuman milkinterpretive descriptionlactationnon-binaryqueer phenomenologytransgender

Identifiers

PMID41711276
PMCPMC13013634

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.