ArticleWomen's health (London, England)
Factors associated with mammogram and Papanicolaou testing among Mexican American older women.
Article in Women's health (London, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMammogram and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear tests are essential screening to detect breast and cancer cervical, respectively.
objectiveIdentify predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with mammography and Paptest screenings among older Mexican American women over time.
designLongitudinal study of 912 Mexican American women aged ⩾ 67 years.
methodsParticipants were assessed five times (1995/1996-2007/2008). Independent variables were based on the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services, including predisposing factors (e.g., age of menopause), enabling factors (e.g., financial strain), and need factors (e.g., medical conditions). Outcomes included having a mammogram in the past 2 years and a Pap test in the past three. Generalized Estimation Equation models estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for receiving a mammogram, Pap test, or both based on these factors.
resultsHigher education (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07), physician visits (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.33-2.56), hypertension (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.51), arthritis (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.07-1.60), and greater handgrip strength (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04) were associated with greater odds of receiving both a mammogram and Pap. Older age and early menopause (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98 and OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58-0.89, respectively) were associated with lower odds of receiving both tests. Spanish interview (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56-0.91) and financial strain (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70-0.99) were associated with lower odds of receiving a Pap test and mammogram test, respectively over time.
conclusionLanguage barriers and financial constraints reduce cancer screening rates among Mexican American women. Cultural tailored care and improved access, such as bilingual clinics and mobile screening are needed to address these gaps.
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