Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41711118›Full record

Trial reportAPMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica2026

Uncomplicated and Complicated Acute Appendicitis Induce Different Cytokine Patterns.

Tatu Han, Tuomas Borman, Sanja Vanhatalo, Leo Lahti, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Saija Hurme, Eveliina Munukka, Teemu Kallonen, Antti Hakanen, Maija Hollmén and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03257423 (Acute Appendicitis and Microbiota - Ethology of Appendicitis and Effects of the Antimicrobial Treatment - The MAPPAC), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03257423 naunknown statusnot on this map

Acute Appendicitis and Microbiota - Ethology of Appendicitis and Effects of the Antimicrobial Treatment - The MAPPAC (Microbiology Appendicitis Acuta) Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorTurku University HospitalRan2017 to 2025Enrolled200ConditionsAcute AppendicitisArmsErtapenem followed by levofloxacin and metronidazole, Moxifloxacin, Appendectomy, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Tatu HanDepartment of Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3161-0778
Tuomas BormanDepartment of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Sanja VanhataloMicrobe Centre, University of Turku and Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland.
Leo LahtiDepartment of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Eliisa LöyttyniemiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Saija HurmeDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Eveliina MunukkaMicrobe Centre, University of Turku and Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland.
Teemu KallonenMicrobe Centre, University of Turku and Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-6486
Antti HakanenMicrobe Centre, University of Turku and Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland.
Maija HollménInFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
Paulina SalminenDepartment of Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Funding

Academy of Finland 330887Government hospital research grantSigrid Juséliuksen SäätiöTurun yliopiston tutkijakouluTurun Yliopistosäätiö
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although acute appendicitis is one of the most common reasons for emergency surgery, the immunopathogenesis of appendicitis is unclear. The aim of this prospective pre-defined subgroup analysis study was to characterize serum cytokine profiles and their diagnostic potential in distinguishing between appendicitis severity to offer further insight into the immunopathology of appendicitis. We analyzed 48 cytokines from the serum samples of patients with either uncomplicated or complicated appendicitis. Out of the 113 patients included in the study, 72 patients presented with uncomplicated and 41 patients with complicated acute appendicitis. Compared to uncomplicated appendicitis, complicated appendicitis showed statistically significantly elevated levels in interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p < 0.001), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (p = 0.003), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (p < 0.001). IL-6 had the best performance (area under curve 0.785) in predicting complicated acute appendicitis. The immune response is notably different between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis, underlining the two different diseases within acute appendicitis. IL-6 may be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for complicated appendicitis. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03257423.

Indexed as

AppendicitisCytokinesAcute DiseaseAdolescentAdultBiomarkersChemokine CCL2FemaleHepatocyte Growth FactorHumansInterleukin-6MaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesYoung AdultBiomarkersCCL2 protein, humanChemokine CCL2CytokinesHepatocyte Growth FactorIL6 protein, humanInterleukin-6appendicitisIL‐6 predictionimmune responseinfection

Identifiers

PMID41711118
PMCPMC12917868

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.