ReviewSaudi journal of anaesthesia
Evaluating the dementia risk associated with anesthesia and surgery: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Saudi journal of anaesthesia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Long-Term Cognitive and Functional Outcomes of Anesthesia and Surgery in Patients with Dementia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing global life expectancy has expanded the surgical population, raising concerns about postoperative outcomes. Dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), poses a significant public health challenge. This meta-analysis investigates anesthesia exposure and AD risk. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched five databases (2014-2022) for observational studies evaluating dementia risk in adults ≥60 years undergoing surgery with anesthesia. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios were calculated using a random-effects model, with subgroup and publication bias analyses conducted. Significant associations with dementia included hypertension (OR 1.36, 95% CI [1.16, 1.59]), hyperlipidemia (OR 1.19 [1.16, 1.22]), coronary artery disease (OR 2.45 [1.72, 3.50]), depression (OR 1.70 [1.27, 2.27]), and head injury (OR 1.31 [1.14, 1.51]). Subgroup analyses showed mixed results for age, surgery, and medication. Kidney-ureter-bladder surgery increased risk substantially (OR 2.52 [1.10, 5.76]). Publication bias was observed. No statistically significant association was found between general anesthesia and AD risk. However, significant heterogeneity, potential publication bias, inconsistent subgroups, and challenges in isolating anesthesia effects from surgery necessitate cautious interpretation. Large prospective cohort studies with standardized methods, adequate lag time, and rigorous confounder adjustments are imperative. Perioperative care optimization for older adults at risk of cognitive decline is clinically warranted.
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Registered trials
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