ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
Supersonic Cryogenic Jet Delivery of Polynucleotides Compared With Manual Intradermal Injection.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This study explores an alternative method of delivering polynucleotides (PNs) using a transdermal drug delivery device instead of traditional injection methods. These devices can deliver PNs in a noncontact manner and may offer several advantages over traditional injection techniques, including reduced pain and faster recovery time. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of PN injections and transdermal drug delivery devices in 4 participants. Each participant received 3 treatments using the injection method on one side of the face and the transdermal drug delivery device on the other. The right hemiface was treated with cryogenic transdermal delivery (TargetCool), and the left hemiface was treated with manual intradermal injection. Outcomes were assessed through standardized photography and skin analysis, and participant satisfaction was examined using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and visual analog scale. Results: Treatment with the transdermal drug delivery device showed similar skin improvement to PN injection, with the advantage of less pain and a shorter recovery time. Skin density measurements using ultrasound showed that both methods were effective, but the transdermal drug delivery device provided slightly better skin density improvement in some cases. Conclusions: Transdermal drug delivery devices are a safe and effective alternative to traditional PN injections, with similar skin improvement outcomes.
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