Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41709910›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026

Efficacy and safety of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation for osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Xinyu Wang, Lei Zhou, Xingming Yu, Qiang Hou, Chenglong Wang, Wei Cui, Yuheng Hu, Xiumei Wang, Zhuangchen Zhu

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinyu Wang *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Lei Zhou *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Xingming YuDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Qiang HouDepartment of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Chenglong WangDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Wei CuiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Yuheng HuDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Xiumei WangDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Zhuangchen ZhuDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation for osteoporosis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were used to screen studies up to October 2025. Data pooling used standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analysis assessed result stability. Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 15.1 were used to analyze. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and funnel plots. Evidence for each outcome was evaluated and graded according to GRADE. Results: Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 732 patients were included. Significant improvements in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (SMD: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.01, 1.69; Conclusion: Probiotic/synbiotic supplementation may be safe and effective as an adjunctive treatment for osteoporosis, improving bone density without increasing adverse reactions. Larger, multicenter RCTs are needed to confirm these findings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024540614, identifier CRD42024540614.

Indexed as

meta-analysisosteoporosisprobioticsRCTssynbiotics

Identifiers

PMID41709910
PMCPMC12909203

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.