ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2026
IL-21 Selectively Augments Cytotoxic Potential of Antigen-Activated MAIT Cells.
Article in European journal of immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Synergistic TCR-independent action of IL-33 and IL-12 drive a potent IFNγ secretory program in human circulating MAIT cells with immunomodulatory properties.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional cytotoxic T cells restricted by MHC class 1 related molecule, MR1. They are activated through their T cell receptor (TCR) by derivatives from microbial riboflavin synthesis or independently of TCR signalling via IL-12 and IL-18. Upon activation, MAIT cells upregulate cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and perforin and lyse bacterially-infected cells. While cytokines act as co-stimulatory molecules that enhance MAIT cell activation, their specific role in regulating MAIT cell cytotoxicity remains unresolved. We show that the cytokine IL-21 enhances expression of granzyme B and perforin on TCR or IL-12/IL-18-activated MAIT cells but has a limited effect on MAIT cell cytokine production. Using a flow cytometry-based cytotoxic assay, we show priming MAIT cells with IL-21 enhances their ability to kill 5-OP-RU-treated B cell lines. We demonstrate a previously unexplored co-stimulatory role for IL-21 that selectively augments the cytotoxic potential of MAIT cells.
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Registered trials
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