ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026
Effects of inspiratory muscle training combined with circadian rhythm-based running programs in male children football players.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06817486 (The Effects of Mornıng and Evenıng Runnıng on Respıratory Functıon and Lower Extremıty Strength in Pre-Adolescent Male Footballers), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Mornıng and Evenıng Runnıng on Respıratory Functıon and Lower Extremıty Strength in Pre-Adolescent Male Footballers
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Inspiratory muscle training enhances jumping power and shooting performance in elite air pistol athletes.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
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7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been suggested to improve respiratory function and physical performance; however, evidence in preadolescent athletes remains limited. This study examined whether adding IMT to circadian rhythm–based running programs would enhance functional and pulmonary outcomes in preadolescent male football players with at least two years of regular football training experience.
methodsSeventy-five boys aged 10–12 years were categorized into morning-, intermediate-, or evening-type groups based on Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) scores, and each chronotype group was assigned to its corresponding running protocol with or without IMT. Over six weeks, participants completed circadian rhythm–based running sessions, and IMT groups performed graded-load IMT. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included agility, six-minute walk test (6MWT), pulmonary function (FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC), and respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP).
resultsAgility and 6MWT performance improved most in the morning running + IMT group compared with evening running + IMT and running-only groups (p < 0.001). FVC and FEV₁ increased in both IMT groups, though gains were modest and smaller in the running-only group. Improvements in MIP and MEP did not differ significantly between groups.
conclusionCombining IMT with morning running produced the greatest improvements in agility and functional performance, while pulmonary gains were moderate and respiratory muscle strength changes were comparable across groups. IMT may provide additional benefit when integrated into chronotype-aligned morning training in preadolescent football players.
trial registrationEffects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Combined with Circadian Rhythm-based Running Programs in Children Football Players, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06817486, Date: 27-01-2025.
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