ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Challenging Interchangeability: Dynamic Dose-Response Modelling of Botulinum Toxin A Products.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Botulinum Toxin in Treating Post-Acne Sequelae: A Critical Review.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBotulinum Neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) formulations are used worldwide for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications, yet dose conversion between products remains based on empirical ratios that ignore pharmacodynamic variability. This study aimed to generate dynamic, time-resolved dose equivalence estimates for six FDA-approved BoNT-A formulations, onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA), abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO), incobotulinumtoxinA (INCO), daxibotulinumtoxinA (DAXI), prabotulinumtoxinA (PRABO), and letibotulinumtoxinA (LETI) and to assess how their clinical performance differs over time.
methodsA hybrid, time-resolved in silico pharmacodynamic model was developed to simulate onset, peak effect, and decay kinetics using data aggregated from 49 clinical trials and regulatory submissions. Each formulation was modelled in 10,000 virtual patients to capture real-world variability in EC
resultsSimulated durations ranged from 10.6 weeks (ABO) to 14.5 weeks (PRABO), matching published clinical means within ±1.2 weeks. Time-resolved conversion ratios revealed significant temporal drift: ABO increased from 2.0 to 2.7 (≈35% drift), LETI from 1.1 to 1.4 (≈27 %), while DAXI and PRABO demonstrated decreasing ratios (≈15% drift), reflecting superior persistence. Efficiency analysis ranked PRABO and DAXI highest (AURC/unit = 0.059 and 0.057), followed by ONA (0.050), INCO (0.040), LETI (0.035), and ABO (0.031). Global sensitivity analysis identified decay rate (koff) as the dominant determinant of efficacy duration (Sobol index = 0.52).
conclusionStatic dose conversion ratios fail to represent the dynamic pharmacodynamic behaviour of BoNT-A formulations. This simulation-based, data-driven approach reproduces clinical outcomes with high fidelity and provides a robust framework for effect-based dose equivalence, improving precision in product substitution and individualized treatment planning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.