ReviewNature protocols2026
Harnessing intermediate-scale bioreactors for next-generation macrophage production and application.
Review in Nature protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Macrophages are crucial in immune responses, tissue repair and homeostasis, making them prime candidates for translational applications. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell)-derived macrophages hold considerable promise for regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, inflammatory disease treatment and in vitro bioassays. However, cost-effective, standardized intermediate-scale bioreactor systems tailored for early-stage research and drug discovery in academia remain limited. Here, we present an extension of our previously published protocol that is feeder free, semi-defined and user friendly, enabling the standardized production of iPS cell-derived macrophages in an intermediate (10-50 mL)-scale benchtop bioreactor. This Protocol can be implemented by users with basic iPS cell culture experience without requiring advanced bioprocessing expertise. This method consists of two primary endpoints: the generation of mesoderm-primed aggregates with hematopoietic potential, termed hemanoids, and the standardized production of iPS cell-derived macrophages that are ready for downstream applications. This Protocol enables continuous macrophage generation in long-term cultures, with a minimum of five consecutive collections, yielding an average of 2-3 × 10
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