Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41708955›Full record

Trial reportCJEM2026

Primary contact physiotherapy versus standard emergency physician care in the emergency department: a Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing analysis.

Rose Gagnon, Kadija Perreault, Jason R Guertin, Luc J Hébert, Simon Berthelot

Abstract readComparative StudyPragmatic Clinical TrialRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in CJEM, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rose GagnonCenter for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2004-4006
Kadija PerreaultCenter for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8608-9661
Jason R GuertinPopulation Health and Optimal Health Practices Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1718-5307
Luc J HébertCenter for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8903-5258
Simon BerthelotPopulation Health and Optimal Health Practices Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada. simon.berthelot@fmed.ulaval.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-0372-0586

Funding

CIHR 491913
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCompare the average cost of an emergency department (ED) visit between three ED care models, namely emergency physician-led management (usual care), management by a primary contact physiotherapist and an emergency physician (intervention), and physiotherapist-led management (sensitivity analysis).

methodsCost study (Canadian Public Payer perspective) based on data collected during a pragmatic randomized clinical trial (2018-2019) conducted in an urban Canadian academic ED (CHUL, Quebec City, Canada; n = 78, 18-80 years old). Costs incurred for the management of persons presenting to the ED for a minor musculoskeletal disorder were calculated using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing, in which time invested with a patient determines care costs. The main outcome measure was the average cost of an ED visit. Generalized linear models with Gamma distributions and log links were used to assess whether there were significant differences in average costs between the care models.

resultsMean ED visit cost was $267.08 (2019 $CAD, 95% CI 212.75 to 346.40) for physiotherapist and emergency physician management, compared with $245.14 for emergency physician-led management (169.46 to 336.72), resulting in a non-significant absolute difference of 21.94 CAD/patient (- 87.33 to 132.63) between models. Sensitivity analyses showed that the average cost of physiotherapist-led ED management could be $194.38 (161.50 to 234.34), representing an average saving of 50.76 CAD/patient that was not statistically significant (- 156.91 to 37.54) compared to emergency physician-led management.

conclusionThis study is a first step towards a better understanding of the costs incurred by the Canadian Public Payer for the management of persons presenting with musculoskeletal disorders in the ED using different care models. In EDs, physiotherapists may have the potential to help manage persons presenting with a musculoskeletal disorder without significantly increasing healthcare costs.

Indexed as

Emergency Room VisitsEmergency Service, HospitalHealth Care CostsMusculoskeletal DiseasesPhysical Therapy ModalitiesAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuebecYoung AdultCost analysisEmergency departmentMusculoskeletal disordersPhysiotherapyTime-Driven Activity-Based Costing

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.