Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41708937›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026

Shape-conformal porous frameworks for full coverage of neural organoids and high-resolution electrophysiology.

Naijia Liu, Shahrzad Shiravi, Tianqi Jin, Jiaqi Liu, Zhengguang Zhu, Jiying Li, Ingrid Cheung, Haohui Zhang, Yue Wang, Qingyuan Li and 20 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Three-dimensional microelectrode arrays forBiomedical engineering letters · 2026
    Review
  2. Neuromorphic Devices and Computing for Sensing, Memory, and Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Naijia Liu *Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-2927
Shahrzad Shiravi *Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Tianqi Jin *Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-3798
Jiaqi Liu *Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-7243
Zhengguang ZhuQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2315-806X
Jiying LiQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Ingrid CheungRegenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8074-1195
Haohui ZhangDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8432-3672
Yue WangQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-3570
Qingyuan LiQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Zijie XuQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Liangsong ZengQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Maria Jose QuezadaRegenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9120-4970
Andres VillalobosRegenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
Yasaman SameiDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Shreyaa KhannaRegenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
Shuozhen BaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-9952
Mingzheng WuQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-6296
Sida LiangBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Xu ChengApplied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Zengyao LvDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3146-2526
Woo-Youl MaengQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2542-9359
Yamin ZhangQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-1265
Haiwen LuanQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Stephen A BoppartBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-5630
Yonggang HuangQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-8359
Yihui ZhangApplied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. yihuizhang@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-2067
Colin K FranzQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. cfranz@sralab.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-8638
John D FinanDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. jdfinan@uic.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-9702
John A RogersQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. jrogers@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-3961

Funding

Tumor Environment and Metastasis (TEAM) Research ProgramP30CA060553 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Devalingam Mahalingam · 1993 to 2026
$153.9M
The Center for Label-free Imagingand Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB)P41EB031772 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI Stephen A Boppart · 2022 to 2026
$7.6M
Novel tools for in vitro electrophysiology and neurotrauma modelingR01NS113935 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI FINAN, JOHN D · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 12225206NCI NIH HHS P30 CA060553NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB031772NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113935U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) P41EB031772U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) R011NS113935
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human neural organoids are essential platforms for fundamental and applied research due partly to their complex, three-dimensional neuronal circuit geometries. Standard and recently developed neural interface technologies have shortcomings in their ability to electrically characterize and control neural activity in these systems, owing to their limited accessibility to neuron populations and microelectrode densities. Here we report a shape-matched, soft, three-dimensional mesoscale framework with nearly full surface coverage to neural organoids that supports high channel count interfaces for precision electrophysiology and programmed electrical stimulation. The neural interface is designed via inverse modelling techniques and self-assembles three-dimensionally around the organoids. Three-dimensional reconstruction of neural activities allows high-resolution spatial electrophysiology to reveal network-level characteristics in neural organoids. The porous framework offers options for simultaneous fluorescence imaging, localized optogenetic neuromodulation, longitudinal monitoring, pharmacological evaluations and modelling of neural disease phenotypes, demonstrating broad applicability for studies of human-derived cortical and spinal organoids.

Identifiers

PMID41708937
PMCPMC13169977

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.