Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41708759›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Human olfactory sensitivity varies across geographical locations.

Aleksandra Reichert, Nixon M Abraham, Jancy N Abraham, Maria Laura Albanese, Rafieh Alizadeh, Ines Aloulou, Lixin Chen, Ma Lourdes Berioso Enecilla, Marco Aurélio Fornazieri, Johannes Frasnelli and 37 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

47 authors.

Aleksandra ReichertInstitute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland. aleksandrareichert@gmail.com.
Nixon M AbrahamLaboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB), Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Jancy N AbrahamLaboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB), Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Maria Laura AlbanesePontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná (PUC-PR), Paraná, Brazil.
Rafieh AlizadehENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, School of Medicine, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ines AloulouDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research laboratory "Clinical Psychology: Intersubjectivity and Culture", Institut Kassab, Manouba, Tunisia.
Lixin ChenChemical Senses and Mental Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Ma Lourdes Berioso EnecillaSt. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Manila, Philippines.
Marco Aurélio FornazieriUniversidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.
Johannes FrasnelliDepartment of Anatomy, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.
Juan Martin FuselliHospital Naval Dr. Pedro Mallo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Fatima GansataoEast Avenue Medical Center, Manila, Philippines.
Cagdas GuducuFaculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Anna Kristina HernandezDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Marlise K HoferDepartment of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Salina HusainDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Reda KamelDepartment of Otolaryngology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Elliott LamondFood, Flavour and Fragrance Lab, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Francesco LoyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SP 8 Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy.
Mehmet K MahmutFood, Flavour and Fragrance Lab, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Daniel MarekInstitute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
Carla MasalaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SP 8 Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy.
Élizabeth MichalukDepartment of Anatomy, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.
Imen MiriDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research laboratory "Clinical Psychology: Intersubjectivity and Culture", Institut Kassab, Manouba, Tunisia.
Marjan MirsalehiENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, School of Medicine, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Plamena MitevaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Isabel Bernardes MouraPontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná (PUC-PR), Paraná, Brazil.
Anasuha MusaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hanène NaijaDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research laboratory "Clinical Psychology: Intersubjectivity and Culture", Institut Kassab, Manouba, Tunisia.
Keigo NakaachiDepartment of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
Jayant M PintoDepartment of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, USA.
Patricia Portillo MazalHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ahmed RadwanDepartment of Otolaryngology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Farhad RafieiENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, School of Medicine, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Devesh RawatLaboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour (LNCB), Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Katarzyna ReslerDepartment of Otolaryngology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Henrique O ScussiattoDepartment of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, USA.
Hozifa Alsaid ShetaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sharanya M ThodupunooriDepartment of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, USA.
Brianna J TurnerDepartment of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Nora Van OosterhoutFood, Flavour and Fragrance Lab, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Hangying WuChemical Senses and Mental Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Ayaho YoshinoDepartment of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
Laiquan ZouChemical Senses and Mental Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Barbara ZyzelewiczInstitute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
Thomas HummelDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Anna OleszkiewiczInstitute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland. ania.oleszkiewicz@gmail.com.

Funding

Pilot Program CoreP30ES027792 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Gokhan M. Mutlu, Gail S Prins · 2017 to 2026
$13.6M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES027792
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It has been assumed that olfactory sensitivity is relatively consistent in different populations worldwide. Emerging, yet fragmented evidence lends credit to the hypothesis that olfactory sensitivity may be geographically diverse. To gain deeper insight regarding the interplay between geographical, demographic, and health factors in the context of olfactory sensitivity, we conducted a multicenter study comprising data from 1046 participants inhabiting 19 locations around the world. Our results revealed that location accounted for 17–20% of the variance in chemosensory sensitivity. Demographic and psychological factors related to working memory and depressive symptoms also contribute to explaining sensitivity to odors, accounting for 1.6–2.9% of the variance in chemosensory sensitivity. Thus, we conclude that inhabitants of different geographical regions may present different sensitivities to chemical stimuli. We discuss the factors that could potentially be included in future investigations to pinpoint even more precisely what factors determine differences in chemosensory sensitivity around the globe.

Indexed as

Olfactory PerceptionSmellAdultFemaleGeographyHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdorantsSensory ThresholdsYoung AdultNeuroscienceOlfactionOlfactory sensitivityOlfactory systemPsychology

Identifiers

PMID41708759
PMCPMC13013636

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.