Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41708426›Full record

ArticleNutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD2026

Does educational attainment modify the relationship between alcohol use and ischemic heart disease mortality? Evidence from the UK biobank.

Tara Martin, Laura Llamosas-Falcón, Yachen Zhu, Jürgen Rehm, Charlotte Probst, Carolin Kilian

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tara MartinInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 1P8, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Laura Llamosas-FalcónInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
Yachen ZhuAlcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA, 94608, United States.
Jürgen RehmInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 1P8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Program on Substance Abuse & WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Use, Noncommunicable Diseases, and Policy Impact, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
Charlotte ProbstInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address: charlotte.probst@camh.ca.
Carolin KilianInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Fioniavej 34, 5230, Odense, Denmark.

Funding

Supplement to a microsimulation of alcohol control interventions to advance health equity and reverse the current decrease in life expectancy in the USR01AA028009 · NIAAA · CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH · PI PROBST, CHARLOTTE · 2020 to 2024
$2.4M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA028009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsAlcohol use is associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. The significant health burden of IHD is not distributed equally across socioeconomic strata and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) may be more vulnerable to the health effects of alcohol use. We aim to explore the effect modification of educational attainment on the association between alcohol use and IHD mortality in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS AND

resultsThis cohort study utilized UK Biobank data from 387,914 participants (203,081 females and 184,833 males) aged 40-69 years, who reported being current drinkers at baseline. IHD deaths were identified through national death registries. Individuals with low education had a higher risk of IHD mortality compared to those with high education. Among males, alcohol use of >1-30 g/day (without heavy episodic drinking) was associated with 39 % lower risk of IHD mortality compared with occasional alcohol use. In the Cox Proportional Hazard model, a differential association was observed among males with low (interaction term HR: 1.29, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.66) and medium education (interaction term HR: 1.36, 95 % CI:1.03, 1.80), compared to highly educated occasional drinkers. No differential association of alcohol use with IHD mortality by education was observed among females.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that the association between alcohol use and IHD mortality may vary across educational attainment in males. Future research needs to strengthen our understanding of the risk relationship between alcohol use and IHD mortality, while accounting for potential differences by sex and educational attainment.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingEducational StatusMyocardial IschemiaAdultAgedBiological Specimen BanksFemaleHumansLow Socioeconomic StatusMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProtective FactorsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSex FactorsAlcohol useEducational attainmentEffect modificationIschemic heart diseaseMortalitySocioeconomic statusUK biobank

Identifiers

PMID41708426
PMCPMC12922503

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.