ArticleEBioMedicine2026
Systemic inflammation, delirium and clinical progression in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBoth low-grade systemic inflammation and acute inflammatory events may contribute to Alzheimer Disease (AD) progression. However, studies examining the prognostic utility of systemic inflammatory biomarkers in AD, and how systemic inflammatory events may contribute to clinical trajectories in AD, have yielded conflicting results.
methodsWe quantified plasma cytokines/chemokines in 333 individuals with mild-moderate AD at baseline, 12 and 18 months alongside baseline neurodegenerative biomarkers. AD severity was assessed using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR-Sb) and Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD).
findingsSystemic inflammatory biomarkers were primarily associated with age/socio-demographic characteristics, remained strikingly stable over time, and were not associated with AD progression. Rather, higher baseline plasma p-tau217 was associated with greater yearly progression on both the ADAS-Cog (β: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.12, 4.52; nominal p = 0.001) and DAD (β: -2.34; 95% CI: -3.86, -0.82; nominal p = 0.003). Higher baseline GFAP was also associated with subsequent decline on both the CDR-Sb (β: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.67; nominal p = 0.002) and DAD (β: 1.91; 95% CI: -3.45, -0.37; nominal p = 0.02). Experiencing one or more episodes of delirium was associated with accelerated decline on the CDR-Sb at 18-months (β: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.71; adjusted p < 0.001).
interpretationBiomarkers of neuroinflammation (GFAP), neurodegeneration (p-tau217) and incident delirium, rather than systemic inflammatory biomarkers, were associated with clinically-significant decline in mild-moderate AD.
fundingEuropean Commission (FP7 grant; 279093); Meath Foundation (MFRG 121/2021); Wellcome Trust (227946/Z/23/Z & 203930/B/16/Z); Health Research Board (203930/B/16/Z; ECSA-2024-003).
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