ArticleNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.)2026
Microbe-associated molecular patterns differentially mediate carcinogenic alterations of the breast tissue in the context of obesity.
Article in Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Weight Loss and Omega-3 Supplementation Modulate the Microbiome in Women with Increased Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Trial
- Obesity and Age Elevate Tissue-Resident Microbiota Akkermansia muciniphila to Induce Oxidative Stress and Promote Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer research · 2026Article
- 3D models for cancer-microbe interaction studiesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer. Obesity alters the microbiome and microbiome perturbations are reported in breast cancer patients. Yet, the impact of obesity-mediated microbial shifts on breast cancer risk remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of microbial-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) signaling on genome instability and inflammation. We show in human samples that obesity chronically elevates breast tissue levels of two MAMPs: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin. In contrast, obesity was not associated with chronic elevations in lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Injections of LPS and flagellin in mouse mammary glands (MG) were sufficient to induce DNA damage and inflammation. Moreover, DNA damage was reduced in MG of animals on a high-fat diet by knockdown of toll-like receptors for LPS and flagellin (TLR4 and TLR5), but not TLR2 (LTA receptor). Experiments with breast acini cultures demonstrated LPS and flagellin (but not LTA) induce DNA double-strand breaks via TLR and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Similarly, LPS and flagellin mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Analyses of non-cancerous breast tissue microbiome revealed an enrichment of Proteobacteria in obese women. Proteobacteria often contain LPS and many of these bacteria are flagellated. Tissue-resident Proteobacteria abundance correlated with breast tissue DNA damage. Our findings show that LPS and flagellin are systemic and local mediators of obesity-induced microbiome alterations, predisposing the breast to pre-malignant changes. These results underscore the importance of considering the tissue-resident microbiome as a biomarker of risk to improve primary prevention of breast cancer. Significance: Obesity differentially modulates non-cancerous breast tissue microbial-associated molecular pattern signaling, enriching LPS and flagellin, to promote oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.