Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41706585›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Aqueous Two-Phase Bioinks for Discrete Packing and Compartmentalization of 3D Bioprinted Cells.

Martina Marcotulli, Arianna Iacomino, Federico Serpe, Lucia Iafrate, Marco Bastioli, Giorgia Montalbano, Michele D'Orazio, Biagio Palmisano, Silvia Franco, Arianna Mencattini and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Martina MarcotulliCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science - CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.
Arianna IacominoCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science - CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.
Federico SerpeDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Lucia IafrateCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science - CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.
Marco BastioliCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science - CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.
Giorgia MontalbanoDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Michele D'OrazioDepartment of Information Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Biagio PalmisanoDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Silvia FrancoInstitute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Rome, Italy.
Arianna MencattiniDepartment of Information Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Roberta AngeliniInstitute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Rome, Italy.
Eugenio MartinelliDepartment of Information Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro CorsiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Mara RiminucciDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Giancarlo RuoccoCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science - CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.
Chiara ScognamiglioCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science - CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.
Andrea BarbettaDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Gianluca CidonioCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science - CLN2S, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-6994

Funding

EIC-2022-PathfinderOpen ivBM-4PAP n. 101098989ERC-2019-Synergy ASTRA n. 855923MTF BIOLOGICS n. OSTEOMIMICNational Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA Technology CN00000041Potenziamento strutture di ricerca e creazione di 'campioni nazionali di R&S CUP J33C22001130001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The unparalleled ability of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) to reproduce microscale cellular and biomaterial compartmentalization to selectively modulate cell behavior and functionality is ideal for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) purposes. Herein, we introduce new ATPS biomaterial inks for 3D bioprinting of water-in-water (W/W) emulsions, enabling precise cellular crowding for tissue regeneration in vitro and ex vivo. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was dispersed in an alginic acid phase depending on sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0-36 g/L). Emulsion droplet size (12.8 ± 2.6-52.4 ± 11.4 µm) influenced degradation and spatial cell localization (A549, C2C12, MG63). A microfluidic-assisted 3D bioprinting approach allowed fine-tuning of fiber structure adjusting ATPS deposition by modulating flow rates and printing speed. Rheological properties supported the findings of the two-phase partitioning, aiding the selection of the ATPS ink formulation for functional cell-laden construct fabrication. Encapsulation of C2C12 cells revealed enhanced cytoskeletal remodeling at higher salt concentrations. Increased GelMA phase promoted human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) crowding, mineral deposition and skeletal differentiation. In ovo studies demonstrated degradation control and vascular infiltration via salt modulation. Altogether, ATPS bioinks offer a versatile platform for the assembling of complex, hierarchical tissues with microscale precision, expanding biofabrication strategies for TERM applications.

Indexed as

BioprintingInkPrinting, Three-DimensionalAlginatesAnimalsCell LineEmulsionsGelatinHumansMethacrylatesMiceTissue EngineeringWaterAlginatesEmulsionsGelatingelatin methacryloylMethacrylatesWater3D bioprintingaqueous two‐phase materialsbiofabricationcellular crowdingmicrofluidic‐assisted 3D bioprinting

Identifiers

PMID41706585
PMCPMC13331587

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.