Sustainable Ophthalmology Applications: From the Perspective of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology.

Ophthalmology significantly contributes to the healthcare sector's carbon footprint. Despite recent increases in sustainability research in ophthalmology, there remains limited information on initiatives specific to pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. This review aims to examine the existing literature and provide insights into sustainability and reducing carbon footprints in these areas. Although there has been no specific assessment of carbon emissions associated with congenital and developmental cataracts, measures related to cataract surgery and operating room practices remain relevant. Strabismus surgeries can be considered environmentally friendly, affordable, and energy-efficient procedures. Involving non-ophthalmologist personnel, expanding telemedicine applications, and restructuring outpatient services could reduce clinic congestion, lower costs, and improve sustainability. Some amblyopia examinations requiring long-term follow-up could be performed at local healthcare centers. While compliance and effectiveness are primary concerns in patching treatment, it is crucial to acknowledge that the patches generate significant waste and carbon footprints. Therefore, exploring alternative solutions is essential. Anesthesia poses an additional challenge for pediatric examinations, and various strategies have been suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Additionally, artificial intelligence is promising and its integration into pediatric ophthalmic examinations could further enhance sustainability. In brief, although pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus are considered environmentally friendly subspecialties of ophthalmology, especially in the operating room, there are many steps that can be taken for "sustainable ophthalmology," from anesthesia to amblyopia treatment and outpatient clinic services.