ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2026
Tobacco-Attributable Age-Related Macular Degeneration Vision Impairment in Japan: A National and Prefecture-Level Analysis From 1990 to 2040.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal burden of vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Japan from 1990 to 2021, projecting to 2040. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we systematically analyzed the prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and temporal trends of vision impairment due to AMD in Japan from 1990 to 2021 and projected disease burden to 2040. We also quantified the burden of vision impairment due to AMD attributable to tobacco. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the number of AMD-related vision impairment cases increased by 159% to 93,310 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 78,103-112,033); DALYs increased by 134% to 8907 (95% UI, 5984-12,298). However, the age-standardized prevalence rates declined from 22.3 to 19.73 per 100,000, and DALY rates decreased from 2.34 to 1.94. Prevalence was slightly higher in females, although the DALY rate difference was minimal. Burden disparities across all 47 prefectures were small. The contribution of tobacco to age-standardized DALYs decreased by 36.3%. Projections to 2040 estimate a 42.51% increase in total cases, with a rise in the age-standardized prevalence rate among males but a decline continuing among females. Conclusions: Despite an increase in absolute cases, age-standardized rates of AMD-related vision impairment in Japan declined from 1990 to 2021, likely due to universal health insurance coverage and effective tobacco control policies. This supports ongoing investment to alleviate the burden in an aging society. Translational Relevance: Translating 30-year population data, this study shows that tobacco control and healthcare equity reduce AMD-related vision impairment burden, informing vision loss prevention in aging societies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.