Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41705440›Full record

ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2026

Cannabis dispensary exposure and smoked, vaped and edible cannabis use among young adults: Comparison of web-scraped and government-maintained registries.

Alyssa F Harlow, Michael P Williams, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Adam M Leventhal, Eric R Pedersen, Myles G Cockburn, Laura K Thompson, Junhan Cho, Jessica L Barrington-Trimis, Danielle F Haley

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alyssa F HarlowDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine-University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-6988
Michael P WilliamsCenter for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Rosalie Liccardo PaculaInstitute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-9865
Adam M LeventhalDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine-University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-7656
Eric R PedersenInstitute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Myles G CockburnDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine-University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Laura K ThompsonDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine-University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Junhan ChoDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine-University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-1625
Jessica L Barrington-TrimisDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine-University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-0326
Danielle F HaleyDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Vaping Nicotine and Cannabis Across Adolescence and Young AdulthoodR01CA229617 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BARRINGTON-TRIMIS, JESSICA LOUISE, LEVENTHAL, ADAM MATTHEW · 2019 to 2024
$4.3M
Quantifying health policy impacts on substance use and treatment among women with and at risk for HIV: a longitudinal multilevel analysis using the Women's Interagency HIV StudyK01DA046307 · NIDA · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI HALEY, DANIELLE FRANCES · 2018 to 2022
$865k
The Tobacco and Cannabis Retail Environment, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Adolescent VapingK01DA058084 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Alyssa Fitzpatrick Harlow · 2023 to 2026
$752k
Boston University School of Public Health Pilot FundsNCI NIH HHS R01CA229617NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA046307NIDA NIH HHS K01DA046307NIDA NIH HHS K01DA058084
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsThe impact of exposure to cannabis dispensaries on young adult cannabis use may depend on how exposures and outcomes are defined. We estimated associations of dispensary exposure with young adult cannabis use across: (a) a government-maintained licensed dispensaries registry versus a web-scraped list of licensed and unlicensed dispensaries; and (b) varying modes of cannabis modes (i.e. smoked, edible, vaped).

methodsThis study used three waves of data (2021-2023) from a prospective cohort of n = 2277 young adults (mean baseline age = 22 years) from California, USA. Generalized linear models estimated the contemporaneous association of number of dispensaries within 1 mile of participants' homes with repeated measures of past 6-month, past 30-day frequency and past 30-day daily/near-daily (≥ 20 days/month) smoked, edible and vaped cannabis use (separate models for each product type). We compared associations for dispensary exposure derived from a government-maintained registry versus a validated web-scraped dispensary list.

resultsFor each additional dispensary located within 1 mile of home, young adults had 5-6% increased risk of past 6-month use of smoked, edible and vaped cannabis use using registry data and 3-4% increased risk using web-scraped dispensary data. Dispensary exposure was positively associated with past 30-day frequency of smoked [incidence rate ratio (IRR)(registry list) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.15; IRR(web-scraped) = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.08] and edible [IRR(registry list) = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.99-1.15; IRR(web-scraped) = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.99-1.08] cannabis use, but was not consistently associated with cannabis vaping frequency or daily/near-daily use of any product. Magnitude of associations was generally smaller when using dispensary data derived through web-scraping than the government-maintained registry of dispensary licenses, though conclusions were mostly similar between the two lists and confidence intervals consistently overlapped.

conclusionsLiving near a greater number of cannabis dispensaries within 1 mile of home appears to be associated with an increased risk of cannabis use. Web-scraped dispensary sources and United States government-maintained registry lists produce similar conclusions regarding the association of living near a greater number of dispensaries with young adult cannabis use.

Indexed as

Marijuana SmokingMarijuana UseAdolescentCaliforniaCannabisDrug DispensariesFemaleHumansInternetMaleProspective StudiesRegistriesYoung Adultcannabisdensity exposuredispensariesepidemiologymode of cannabis useyoung adults

Identifiers

PMID41705440
PMCPMC13291088

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.