ArticleHealth science reports2026
Hormonal Contraception, Menstrual Cycle Characteristics, and Lower Limb Injuries in Elite Female Team Sports-Identifying Factors Associated With Increased Injury Prevalence: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Injury Profile in German Amateur Women's Football Is Knee-Centred and Match-Dominated: A Prospective One-Season Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Hormonal Contraception, Menstrual Cycle Characteristics, and Lower Limb Injuries in Elite Female Team Sports-Identifying Factors Associated With Increased Injury Prevalence: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence, patterns and motives for hormonal contraceptive use among German servicewomen: results from a nationwide survey.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of menstrual cycle characteristics and lower limb injuries among elite female team sport athletes, and to identify factors influencing injury risk. Methods: Data were collected from 301 female team athletes across the German 1st and 2nd division in basketball, field hockey, football, handball, and volleyball using an online questionnaire. Information was gathered on gynaecological health and lower extremity injuries in the past 12 months. Results: Forty-two percent used hormonal contraceptives, while among non-users, 81% were naturally menstruating and 19% had a menstrual dysfunction (MD). Of those naturally menstruating, 46% experienced dysmenorrhea in every menstrual cycle, and 18% took painkillers during each menstruation. Regarding injuries, 42% reported at least one lower limb injury in the past 12 months, with 44% classified as severe. The most commonly affected regions were the knee (44%), ankle (31%), and upper thigh (9%). MD was associated with lower anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates ( Conclusion: This study highlights the complex relationship between menstrual cycle characteristics and injury risk in female athletes, showing MD's unexpected association with lower ACL injury rates. Further, it emphasizes the need for targeted injury prevention programs, regular PHE, and enhanced medical support structures to reduce injury risks in elite female team sports.
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