ArticleBioactive materials2026
3D-MSCs apoptotic bodies-integrated conductive hydrogel mitigates spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and alleviating neuronal pyroptosis.
Article in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic Timing at Mitochondrial Redox-Autophagy-Mitophagy Checkpoints in Age-Related Hearing Loss.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiota-Astrocyte Axis: New Insights into the Mechanisms of Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Targeting the PARP1-p53 Axis Could Mitigate Necrotic-Apoptotic Signaling and Secondary Neurodegeneration After Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Melatonin in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Molecular Mechanisms, Schwann Cell Dynamics, and Translational Therapeutic Potential.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Every-Other-Day Fasting Prehabilitation Attenuates Secondary Injury Following Spinal Cord Injury and Is Associated with Stage-Dependent SREBP1-Related Metabolic-Immune Remodeling.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- LXR Pathway Activation by T0901317: A Novel Potential Experimental Strategy for ALS-Related Cognitive and Motor Impairments via Suppression of Necroptosis-associated RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL Markers.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Towards Structural Restoration: Epigenetic Reprogramming and Direct Astrocyte-to-Neuron Lineage Conversion as Next-Generation Regenerative Neurotherapeutics.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The NETs-cGAS-STING Axis in Ischemic Stroke: Linking Neutrophil-Microglia Crosstalk, Immunothrombosis, and Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Zafirlukast Exacerbates Behavioral Seizure Activity and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Despite Modestly Reducing Neuronal Injury Markers in a PTZ-Induced Early Epileptogenesis Mouse Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- miR-124 Ameliorates Spatial Memory Deficits in Rats Exposed to Single-Prolonged Stress by Downregulating IQGAP1 to Regulate Actin-Binding Proteins and Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neurons.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Exosome Biology at the Interface of Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Innovation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- A Age Related Vascular Senescence: Mystery of Blood-brain Barrier Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- ROS-Responsive Trifluoperazine Prodrug Nanoparticles and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Synergistically Modulate Astrocyte Phenotype for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Combined treatment of spinal cord injury using channeled Porous-GelMA scaffold loaded with genetically engineered MSCs expressing inducible ChABC and constitutive BDNF.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Targeting Interleukin-6 Signaling with Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Responsive Hydrogel to Promote Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition that affects the central nervous system. Current clinical interventions are insufficient to address the profound consequences of SCI, highlighting the great need for alternative treatment options. In recent years, the use of hydrogels to locally deliver extracellular vesicles (EVs) has become a potential method for SCI therapy, conductive hydrogels can also promote SCI repair by establishing functional connections between neurons. However, increasing the bioactivity of EVs and optimizing hydrogel-based therapies remain significant challenges. In this study, MXene nanosheets endow composite hydrogels with excellent conductivity. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were grown in 3D suspensions to form spheroids, after which apoptosis was induced to isolate apoptotic bodies (ABs). Then 3D-ABs were incorporated into a Gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel containing MXene nanosheets for their sustained release in vivo. Furthermore, the composite hydrogel provides mechanical support and mimics the electrical transmission properties of neurons. After local injection into SCI mice, the composite hydrogel effectively filled the lesion cavity, promoted the reconstruction of functional neural connections, suppressed neuroinflammation and alleviated neuronal pyroptosis owing to its conductive components and apoptotic vesicles. This novel injectable composite hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic option for SCI repair.
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