ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
From pharmacokinetics to precision dosing: optimizing continuous infusion regimens of ciprofol for elderly patients.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Comparative Study of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Continuous Ciprofol Infusion Between Young and Elderly Patients.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Precision Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Older Adults: Brain Vulnerability and Recovery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model for ciprofol in elderly surgical patients, delineating its pharmacokinetic profile and concentration-effect relationship to inform precision dosing. Methods: Twenty patients (aged ≥65 years) undergoing elective surgery were enrolled. We performed population PK/PD analysis using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling on 386 arterial blood samples and synchronized Bispectral Index (BIS) data. A linear three-compartment model and a sigmoid Emax model described the PK and PD (BIS), respectively. Covariates (age, weight, gender, and laboratory parameters) were tested via stepwise selection. Model performance was evaluated using goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap ( Results: A three-compartment model best described the PK. The center volume (V Conclusion: A population PK/PD model for ciprofol in elderly patients was successfully established and validated. The model supports optimized, individualized dosing to achieve target anesthesia depth in this population.
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