ReviewEuropean journal of neurology2026
Cerebrovascular Malformations Associated With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and HHT-Like Syndromes: A Comparative Overview.
Review in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cerebrovascular Malformations Associated With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and HHT-Like Syndromes: A Comparative Overview.European journal of neurology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
introductionHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder marked by mucocutaneous telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Neurologic risks include brain AVMs and hemorrhagic stroke. Several rare genetic and sporadic syndromes ("HHT-like" syndromes) share overlapping vascular features, complicating diagnosis. Differentiating these conditions is essential for accurate neurovascular risk assessment.
methodsA comprehensive literature review (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar; 1990-2025) targeted cerebrovascular manifestations of HHT and related syndromes. Key entities included Wyburn-Mason syndrome, Cobb syndrome, Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), PHACE(S) syndrome, capillary malformation-AVM (CM-AVM), Parkes Weber syndrome (PWS), juvenile polyposis/HHT overlap (JP-HHT), HHT type 5 (BMP9/GDF2), PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), and blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS). Data on gene variants, lesion types, neuroimaging, stroke risk, and neurologic outcomes were synthesized.
resultsHigh-flow cerebrovascular malformations similar to HHT are prominent in Wyburn-Mason syndrome, CM-AVM, and PWS, conferring a substantial hemorrhagic stroke risk. NF1 and PHACE(S) primarily feature occlusive arteriopathies linked to ischemic events. KTS, BRBNS, and PHTS predominantly show low- or mixed-flow anomalies with lower CNS hemorrhagic risk but increased thrombotic complications. JP-HHT carries added gastrointestinal cancer risk via SMAD4 variants, while HHT type 5 often presents incompletely. Genetic testing and tailored neuroimaging are critical for differentiation.
conclusionsAlthough many syndromes mimic HHT, few combine mucosal telangiectasias, high-flow AVMs, and recurrent hemorrhage. Integrating clinical, imaging, and genetic data enables precise diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized management.
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