Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41704207›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Laying the Foundation for Digital Material Design of Porous Transport Electrodes for PEM Water Electrolysis With Multiscale Tomography.

Markus Bierling, David McLaughlin, Andreas Hutzler, Mingjian Wu, Darius Hoffmeister, Dennis Chalupczok, Erdmann Spiecker, Thomas Böhm, Simon Thiele

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Markus BierlingHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-2095
David McLaughlinHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-7369
Andreas HutzlerHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5484-707X
Mingjian WuInstitute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-0245
Darius HoffmeisterHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8927-8214
Dennis ChalupczokHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.
Erdmann SpieckerInstitute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-5227
Thomas BöhmHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2036-2159
Simon ThieleHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-2752

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 03SF0666ABundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie 03EI3029AFederal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany BMFTR/03HY103H
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present the first multiscale identical location tomography of a porous transport electrode (PTE) of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. The tomogram encompasses length scales between micrometer-thick fibers to nanopores in the catalyst layer (CL) with nanometer-thin binder coatings on the iridium-oxide particles. It was recorded using micro-computed tomography, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy tomography, scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and supplemented by a modeling approach. The reconstruction of the PTE reveals a porosity of around 51% of the porous transport layer (PTL) and 61% of the CL. A thorough analysis of the CL allows a comparison with the pristine catalyst powder and a realistic prediction of the transport parameters by modeling the binder thickness to a mean of 7 to 10.5 nm. Further, the overall transport parameters of the PTE are determined. The PTL has a higher permeability in the through-plane direction, whereas the CL shows isotropic transport properties. This study offers a comprehensive picture of the multiscale structure and properties of a PTE, which allows for a comparison with catalyst-coated membranes and computer-aided optimization of future PTEs.

Indexed as

catalyst layercomputed tomographyFIB‐SEM tomographyporous transport electrodesproton exchange membrane water electrolysisscale‐bridging tomographytransmission electron microscopy

Identifiers

PMID41704207
PMCPMC13089096

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.