Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41704197›Full record

ReviewACS chemical neuroscience2026

A Review of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agents Implicated in Opioid Use Disorder.

Audrey Hannum, Isabella Spano, Edward Ofori

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ACS chemical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Audrey HannumOhio Northern University Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Rudolph H. Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio 45810, United States.
Isabella SpanoOhio Northern University Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Rudolph H. Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio 45810, United States.
Edward OforiOhio Northern University Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Rudolph H. Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio 45810, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4345-788X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been recognized for many years as a leading public health emergency in the United States, costing almost 80,000 Americans their lives in 2023. Recently, fentanyl, the predominant synthetic opioid implicated in OUD, has begun to be adulterated with the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (α

Indexed as

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsOpioid-Related DisordersAnalgesics, OpioidAnimalsFentanylHumansMedetomidineXylazineAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsAnalgesics, OpioidFentanylMedetomidineXylazineadrenergicalpha-2 adrenergic agonistclonidinemedetomidineopioid overdoseopioid use disorderOUDpublic healthxylazineα2 agonist toxicity

Identifiers

PMID41704197
PMCPMC12964354

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.