Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41703628›Full record

ArticleConflict and health2026

Event-Based surveillance (EBS) implementation in unstable and conflict settings: lessons learned from Sudan.

Elfatih M Malik, Sze Man Yiu, Muzhgan Habibi, Ismaiel Mohamed Ismaiel, Aisha Yousif Ridwan, Ahmad Izzoddeen, Mazza Abasher Alzain, Muntasir Mohamed Osman, Leen Daoud, Nada Gafar and 4 more

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Article in Conflict and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Elfatih M MalikFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum; EMPHNET Consultant for EBS in Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan. fatihmmalik@gmail.com.
Sze Man YiuUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Muzhgan HabibiEastern Mediterranean Region WHO Office, Cairo, Egypt.
Ismaiel Mohamed IsmaielHealth Emergency and Epidemic Control, FMOH, Sudan.
Aisha Yousif RidwanHealth Emergency and Epidemic Control, FMOH, Sudan.
Ahmad IzzoddeenHealth Emergency and Epidemic Control, FMOH, Sudan.
Mazza Abasher AlzainHealth Emergency and Epidemic Control, FMOH, Sudan.
Muntasir Mohamed OsmanHealth Emergency and Epidemic Control, FMOH, Sudan.
Leen DaoudThe Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman, Jordan.
Nada GafarThe Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman, Jordan.
Sayed HimmatThe Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman, Jordan.
Haitham BashierThe Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman, Jordan.
Mahmoud SadekEastern Mediterranean Region WHO Office, Cairo, Egypt.
Muhammad Ali RajaWHO Country Office in Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvent-Based Surveillance (EBS) collects signal information from communities and other sources to improve the early detection and response to outbreaks or other public health threats. With the ongoing conflict in Sudan, a major disruption has posed to the health services including Indicator-Based Surveillance (IBS), and EBS has become particularly imperative during this challenging time. This article documents the experience of EBS implementation in Sudan, highlights the practical measures to keep EBS functioning in responding to the evolving war, and shares the lessons learned.

methodsA descriptive qualitative synthesis and desk review of the EBS project aggregated reports, tools, and documents were carried out. Data were organized into themes and analyzed manually using a thematic analysis, paying particular attention to the best practices in the development of EBS, innovations, challenges, and lessons learned.

resultsEBS in Sudan has successfully established and sustained a network of community volunteers nationwide. The EBS unit collaborated with partners and implemented many innovative ideas to train and communicate with the EBS focal persons at the state level and community volunteers during the conflict. Data and information generated by the system were integrated with the IBS data and used for decision-making at the Emergency Operating Centre (EOC). The drivers for success include careful selection of volunteers, addressing their needs, and maintaining communication with them.

conclusionsDespite the limited resources and the current war, the system kept functioning, and its core activities were maintained. The commitment of both partners and the Government of Sudan is an asset that should be strategically leveraged to expand this surveillance to areas that can benefit from EBS the most.

Indexed as

Community-based surveillance (CBS)Community-event-based surveillance (CEBS)Event-based surveillance (EBS)SudanSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID41703628
PMCPMC13014937

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.