Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41703402›Full record

ArticleJournal of inherited metabolic disease2026

Brain Age in Adult Patients With Early-Treated Phenylketonuria.

Laura Winiger, Raphaela Muri, Tobias Kaufmann, Michel Hochuli, Emma Vardy, Piotr Radojewski, Katarzyna Pospieszny, Roman Trepp, Regula Everts

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Brain Age in Adult Patients With Early-Treated Phenylketonuria.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Laura WinigerDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9904-9102
Raphaela MuriDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1313
Tobias KaufmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Michel HochuliDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Emma VardyDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Oldham Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Oldham, UK.
Piotr RadojewskiTranslational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
Katarzyna PospiesznySupport Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Roman TreppDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Regula EvertsDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Funding

Fondation Rolf GaillardGottfried und Julia Bangerter-Rhyner-StiftungMaiores FoundationNovartis Young Investigator GrantSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 10002244Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 192706Vontobel-Stiftung
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Structural brain alterations have been observed in individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU); however, the potential impact of PKU on brain aging remains unexplored. This study investigated brain age in adults with early-treated classical PKU compared to healthy controls. Thirty early-treated adults with classical PKU (age 19-48 years) and 59 age-, sex-, and education-comparable healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cognitive and mood assessment, and blood sampling. Brain age was estimated using machine learning models trained to predict brain age from MRI-derived features across the full brain, cortical lobes, or subcortical regions. The brain age gap (BAG)-the difference between brain age and chronological age-was calculated. In addition, white matter lesion load was rated in patients. While patients with PKU showed differences in BAG for four out of eight brain age estimates, only the BAG in the insula was significantly higher in PKU than controls after correcting for multiple comparisons (p

Indexed as

AgingBrainPhenylketonuriasAdultCognitionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedWhite MatterYoung Adultbrain age gapcognitionmetabolismmoodphenylketonuriaPKU

Identifiers

PMID41703402
PMCPMC12913233

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.