Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41703319›Full record

ArticleNature immunology2026

Single-cell multiomic atlas of healthy pediatric bone marrow reveals age-dependent differences in lineage differentiation driven by stromal signaling.

Evelyn S Hanemaaijer, Konradin F Müskens, Ireen J Kal, Li-Ting Chen, Brigit M Te Pas, Patrycja Fryzik, Nina Epskamp, Merel van der Meulen, Aleksandra K Balwierz, Akshaya K Saikumar Jayalatha and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Immunophenotyping by Single-Cell CITE-Seq.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Evelyn S Hanemaaijer *Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8348
Konradin F Müskens *Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1968-4536
Ireen J Kal *Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4543-6093
Li-Ting ChenPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7956-5116
Brigit M Te PasPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-2540
Patrycja FryzikPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Nina EpskampPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Merel van der MeulenPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-4408
Aleksandra K BalwierzPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-9839
Akshaya K Saikumar JayalathaPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Marijn Scheijde-VermeulenPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Olaf HeidenreichPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Tito CandelliPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Wim J de JongePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Thanasis MargaritisPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands. a.margaritis-2@prinsesmaximacentrum.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-2015
Mirjam E BelderbosPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands. m.e.belderbos@prinsesmaximacentrum.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6164-2918

Funding

European Hematology Association (EHA) Physician Scientist Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Childhood is a critical period for hematopoietic development and susceptibility to hematologic disease. Here we generated a multimodal single-cell atlas of healthy human bone marrow, capturing mRNA and surface protein expression in 90,710 cells, including over 20,000 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from nine donors ranging from infancy to young adulthood (2-32 years). Young pediatric (YP) bone marrow (<10 years) was compositionally and molecularly distinct from adolescent and young adult (AYA) bone marrow (≥13 years), with hematopoietic output shifting from B cell dominance in YP bone marrow to myeloid and T cell bias in AYA bone marrow. Spatial transcriptomics of six bone marrow biopsies (0-23 years) confirmed these age-dependent changes. Two lymphoid progenitor (LyP) subsets regulated this lineage shift: CD127

Indexed as

Bone MarrowBone Marrow CellsCell DifferentiationCell LineageHematopoietic Stem CellsMesenchymal Stem CellsAdolescentAdultAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInterleukin-7Interleukin-7

Identifiers

PMID41703319
PMCPMC12956572

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.