ArticleInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2026
Heme oxygenase-1 emerges as a critical regulator linking autophagy dysregulation, immune infiltration, and NOD-Like receptor signaling in PCOS pathogenesis.
Article in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The organelle oxidative-inflammatory network in polycystic ovary syndrome: from subcellular intercellular cascades to systemic comorbidities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder increasingly recognized to involve chronic inflammation, autophagy dysfunction, and immune imbalance. The molecular mechanisms connecting autophagy-related genes (ATGs), immune infiltration, and ovarian dysfunction remain unclear.
methodsTranscriptomic data from ovarian granulosa cells (GSE34526 and GSE137684) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed ATGs, followed by functional enrichment, immune cell profiling, and network analysis. Ten hub genes were validated in clinical samples (PCOS and controls, n = 6 per group) and a dehydroepiandrosterone-induced mouse model. HMOX1 function was examined under conditions with and without metformin treatment.
resultsA total of 57 DEATGs were enriched in pathways related to autophagy, immune regulation, and inflammation, including the NOD-like receptor and FoxO signaling pathways. Among the ten identified hub genes, heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) was significantly upregulated in PCOS samples and positively associated with M2 macrophage infiltration. In vitro, HMOX1 overexpression led to increased levels of p62 and CD163, indicating impaired autophagic flux and enhanced M2-like polarization. Estradiol secretion was reduced under HMOX1 overexpression, and partially restored by metformin. In the PCOS mouse model, HMOX1 expression was elevated and suppressed following metformin treatment, although ovarian morphology remained abnormal.
conclusionHMOX1 appears to act as a molecular nexus connecting impaired autophagy with immune microenvironment alterations in PCOS, highlighting its potential as both a diagnostic marker and a target for immunomodulatory therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41703156What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.