Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41703085›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2026

The genetic architecture of human cerebellar morphology supports a key role for the cerebellum in human evolution and psychopathology.

Torgeir Moberget, Dennis van der Meer, Shahram Bahrami, Daniel Roelfs, Oleksandr Frei, Tobias Kaufmann, Sara Fernandez-Cabello, Milin Kim, Thomas Wolfers, Joern Diedrichsen and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Torgeir MobergetCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. torgeir.moberget@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8564-8257
Dennis van der Meer *Center for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Shahram Bahrami *Center for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-2788
Daniel RoelfsCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Oleksandr FreiCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-2625
Tobias KaufmannCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-1018
Sara Fernandez-CabelloCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Milin KimCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-5236-3974
Thomas WolfersDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-0621
Joern DiedrichsenBrain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-8532
Olav B SmelandCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-5215
Alexey ShadrinCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7467-250X
Anders DaleCenter for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ole A AndreassenCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Lars T WestlyeCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-956X

Funding

Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority) 2013-123Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority) 2014-097Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority) 2015-073Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority) 2016-083Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority) 2017-112Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority) 2019-108Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority) 2021-040Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 213837Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 223273Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 229129Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 248778Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 249795Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 262656Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 273291Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 273345Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 276082Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 283798Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 311993Norges Forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) 323961Wellcome Trust 204966
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The functional domain of the cerebellum has expanded beyond motor control to also include cognitive and affective functions. In line with this notion, cerebellar volume has increased over recent primate evolution, and cerebellar alterations have been linked to heritable mental disorders. To map the genetic architecture of human cerebellar morphology, we here studied a large imaging genetics sample from the UK Biobank (n discovery = 27,302; n replication: 11,264) with state-of-the art neuroimaging and biostatistics tools. Multivariate GWAS on regional cerebellar MRI features yielded 351 significant genetic loci (226 novel, 94% replicated). Lead SNPs showed positive enrichment for relatively recent genetic mutations over the last 20-40k years (i.e., overlapping the Upper Paleolithic, a period characterized by rapid cultural evolution), while gene level analyses revealed enrichment for human-specific evolution over the last ∼6-8 million years. Finally, we observed genetic overlap with major mental disorders, supporting cerebellar involvement in psychopathology.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionCerebellumMental DisordersFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePolymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Identifiers

PMID41703085
PMCPMC13021948

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.