ArticleEMBO reports2026
Structures of proteinase 3 and the CD177 receptor complex reveal a major autoantibody epitope.
Article in EMBO reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a life-threatening systemic vasculitis, characterised by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) most commonly against proteinase 3 (PR3), a protease expressed intracellularly and on the surface of neutrophils. Most cell surface PR3 is bound to the receptor CD177; however, the molecular mechanism of the interactions is not well understood. Here, we present crystal structures of CD177 in complex with PR3 and unliganded CD177. We describe a mainly hydrophobic binding interface between PR3 and CD177, involving the first two Ly6/uPAR (LU) domains of CD177. These form a globular structure which is connected to downstream domains via a flexible linker. Using a panel of PR3-ANCA-positive patient samples, we show that a significant proportion of ANCAs target the CD177-binding site of PR3 in these samples. Structure-guided mutation of the CD177-binding site on PR3 is effective in reducing PR3-ANCA binding. The results demonstrate that the CD177-binding surface of PR3 harbours a major PR3-ANCA epitope, and that the extent of binding to this surface varies between different patients.
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