ArticleScientific reports2026
Association of human leukocyte antigen B genotypes with COVID-19 severity in Egyptian patients.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Host genetic factors, specifically major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influence the prognosis of COVID-19 infections. It plays a central role in the body's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens, including viruses like SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to identify the significant human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) allele genotypes associated with severe cases among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients attending the PCR unit in The Fever Hospital-Alexandria, Egypt. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 through April 2023. Two swabs (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal) were collected from each patient for RT-PCR to determine the cycle threshold (Ct) value. Subsequently, 2 ml of EDTA blood was drawn from each patient for DNA extraction and HLA-B typing using the INNO-LiPA HLA-B Update Plus kit. Patients were divided according to the severity of their infection: mild (N = 15, mean Ct = 26.27 ± 1.27), moderate (N = 15, mean Ct = 24.20 ± 1.63), and severe (N = 15, mean Ct = 22.27 ± 0.93). Ct values were the lowest amongst the severe group with a mean of 22.27 (p = 0.026). Regarding the severity of SAR-CoV-2 infection, 39 HLA-B genotypes, 6 HLA-B super-types, and 22 HLA-B alleles were identified. HLA-B44 was the most significant allele when comparing the three groups of severity: mild, moderate, and severe (p = 0.044). HLA-B08 and HLA-B44 had a statistical significance of (p = 0.011) and (p = 0.034) respectively when comparing the mild group to hospitalized group (severe + moderate). The Ct value is a clear predictor of SARS-CoV-2 severity. HLA-B44 and HLA-B08 were the most significant alleles associated with severe cases, emphasizing the association of human leukocyte antigen B alleles with disease severity and viral load in determining COVID-19 outcomes. These findings may contribute to the development of personalized medical management and improve strategies for COVID-19 control and prevention.
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