SynthesisCancer medicine2026
Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review.Cancer medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Rethinking PDAC: from immunological silence to therapeutic opportunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multidisciplinary treatment incorporating autologous DC-CIK cell therapy induces long-term survival in advanced pancreatic cancer: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 13% as the 7th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most patients are ineligible for resection at diagnosis. Monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown limited success in PC, with objective response rates below 5% and median overall survival rarely exceeding 6 months. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of combining gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel with ICIs in pancreatic cancer.
objectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of combining gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy with ICIs in patients with pancreatic cancer.
methodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using predefined keywords. Eligible studies included original research articles employing interventional, cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional designs. Case reports, case series, and review articles were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT, 2018) were conducted independently by two reviewers.
resultsOf 1904 search results, seven studies met inclusion criteria: four clinical trials and three retrospective cohorts. Sample sizes ranged from 17 to 180 participants with advanced or locally advanced PC. Median overall survival was ~15 months (range: 9.8-16.7) versus 8-9 months for chemotherapy alone. Progression-free survival ranged from 5.5-9 versus 3.5-5.5 months. Objective response rates varied between 18%-50% for combination therapy and 23%-29% for chemotherapy. Grade 3-4 adverse events were mainly hematologic (anemia, neutropenia) and neurologic (fatigue, peripheral neuropathy). ICIs included PD-1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab), PD-L1 inhibitor (durvalumab), and CTLA-4 inhibitor (tremelimumab).
conclusionCombining ICIs with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel appears feasible and safe, with signals of improved efficacy compared with chemotherapy alone. However, evidence remains limited, and further large-scale trials are warranted to confirm survival benefits and optimize therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer.
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