ArticlePhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP2026
Photoelectron imaging of substituted benzenes in aqueous aerosol droplets.
Article in Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Photoelectron imaging of substituted benzenes in aqueous aerosol droplets.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Photochemical reactions can be orders of magnitude faster at the surface of water than in bulk solution, possibly due to changes in the stability of electronic ground and excited states. Yet, direct measurements of the interfacial electronic structure of aqueous reactants remain scarce, making it challenging to establish a clear connection between macroscopic photoreactivities and the underlying molecular-level electronic structure. Here, we employ surface-sensitive ultraviolet (UV) photoelectron velocity-map imaging to probe the valence electronic structure of 13 substituted benzenes at the interface of submicrometer-sized aqueous aerosol droplets. The droplet environment induces vertical binding energy (VBE) shifts of several electronvolts relative to the gas phase for aromatic anions, while neutral solutes show more modest gas-to-solution shifts. Increasing the solute concentration may shift the VBEs of some neutral, protic benzene derivatives, possibly due to increased solute-solute interactions such as hydrogen bonding or π-stacking. In contrast, their anionic conjugate bases show no such shift, likely due to electrostatic repulsion, preventing short-range solute-solute interactions. Changes in droplet surface tension and coverage were quantified through concentration-dependent photoelectron yields. The measured data reveal that 300-nm droplets require a 10 000-fold higher concentration of a proxy nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) than macroscale solutions to achieve an equivalent surface tension. This observation exemplifies the altered surface partitioning behavior in submicron droplets. It underscores the necessity to account for significant solute depletion in the interior of droplets with considerable surface-to-volume ratios. Phenol-water clusters (170 water molecules) and dilute aqueous phenol droplets (50 mM) exhibit matching valence electronic structure, confirming surface selectivity in UV droplet photoelectron imaging and validating cluster studies as models for interfacial solvation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.