Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41699462›Full record

ArticleBMC molecular and cell biology2026

Dose-dependent effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory response in endothelial cells: MMP/TIMP balance and in vitro wound closure assay.

Betül İşiner, Aslı Fahriye Ceylan, Büşra Görgün, Leyla Didem Kozacı

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Article in BMC molecular and cell biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Betül İşinerDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15100, Turkey. betulisiner@mehmetakif.edu.tr.
Aslı Fahriye CeylanDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
Büşra GörgünDepartment of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
Leyla Didem KozacıDepartment of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClinical and preclinical evidence suggests that inflammation is closely associated with various arterial diseases. Multiple studies have reported the effects of statins on different cell types, yet the effects of atorvastatin (ATV) and its mechanisms on inflamed HUVECs' cellular responses are still under investigation. This study investigates how different doses of ATV affect inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators, and cell migration capacity assessed by an in vitro scratch wound closure assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated endothelial cells.

methodsATV was applied to cells at different doses (5-10-50 µM) with or without LPS (20 ng/mL). Cell proliferation and toxicity were investigated in the indicated groups. Then, the possible effects of ATV on MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1,TIMP-2 expression levels, scratch-closure (cell migration) time were examined. Gene expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was quantified by qPCR, while protein levels were determined by Western blotting. Cell migration was evaluated using a scratch assay and real-time imaging system.

resultsHigh-dose ATV was more cytotoxic, while wound closure times showed a numerical increase that did not reach statistical significance under LPS stimulation. While low-dose ATV increased MMP and TIMP expressions, high-dose treatment reduced TIMP-1 and disturbed the MMP/TIMP balance. This imbalance was accompanied by reduced cellular recovery capacity under inflammatory stress.

conclusionsThis study highlights the complex cellular effects of ATV under inflammatory conditions, supporting its context- and dose-dependent role in endothelial cell behavior and matrix regulation. These findings highlight the importance of dosage optimization in therapeutic contexts targeting vascular inflammation and provide novel insight into how statin dosing influences endothelial recovery mechanisms, beyond cholesterol regulation.

Indexed as

AtorvastatinEndothelial CellsHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsInflammationMatrix MetalloproteinasesWound HealingCell MovementCell ProliferationDose-Response Relationship, DrugHumansLipopolysaccharidesMatrix Metalloproteinase 2Matrix Metalloproteinase 9Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2AtorvastatinLipopolysaccharidesMatrix Metalloproteinase 2Matrix Metalloproteinase 9Matrix MetalloproteinasesTIMP2 protein, humanTissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2AtorvastatinDrug dosageEndothelial cellsInflammationIn vitro scratch wound closure assayMMP/TIMP balance

Identifiers

PMID41699462
PMCPMC13011320

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.