ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2026
Evaluation of repeatability and reproducibility of central and peripheral axial length measurements in children using the novel Swan optical biometer.
Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of central axial length and peripheral axial length measurements in children using the Swan 660 M.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2024. A total of 60 children (6-15 years; no significant ocular diseases) were recruited from Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai (30 males and 30 females; mean age 10.67 ± 2.47 years), and only right eyes were included in the analysis. The Swan 660 M was used to measure central axial length and peripheral axial length. Measurement variability across operator and time was evaluated using the intra-group SD, test-retest repeatability, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsThe Swan 660 M demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility for the measurements of central axial length and most peripheral axial length points, including Nasal 1, Temporal 1, Temporal 2, and Temporal 3 (coefficient of variation <5%, intraclass correlation coefficient >0.9). However, measurement reliability was lower for certain peripheral axial length points, such as Nasal 5 (intraclass correlation coefficient <0.75). The device also showed high stability in the measurements of central axial length (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.999).ConclusionsThe Swan 660 M demonstrates high repeatability and reproducibility for central axial length and most peripheral axial length measurements in children, suggesting its potential application in tracking the progression of myopia and investigating the relationships between peripheral retinal morphology and refractive status in this population.
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