Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41697902›Full record

ArticleHormone research in paediatrics2026

Decreased Gross Motor, Working Memory, and Adaptive Behavior in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Nozomi L Yamashita, Edwin A Deras, Sharon H O Apos Neil, Trevor A Pickering, Benjamin P Hoffman-Kipp, Nicole R Fraga, Oliver Biele, Ginger Simon, Mitchell E Geffner, Mimi S Kim

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Hormone research in paediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nozomi L YamashitaCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Edwin A DerasCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Sharon H O Apos NeilThe Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Trevor A PickeringDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Benjamin P Hoffman-KippCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nicole R FragaCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Oliver BieleCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ginger SimonCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Mitchell E GeffnerCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Mimi S KimCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA, mskim@chla.usc.edu.

Funding

Southern California Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001855 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Thomas A Buchanan, Michele D. Kipke · 2016 to 2026
$81.3M
Southern California Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000130 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BUCHANAN, THOMAS A · 2012 to 2015
$36.0M
Brain and Adipose Contributors to Food Seeking in Youth with Adrenal HyperplasiaK23HD084735 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI KIM, MIMI SUSAN · 2016 to 2018
$474k
Effects of Androgen Excess on Lipid Distribution in Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaR03HD101718 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI KIM, MIMI SUSAN · 2020 to 2021
$183k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000130NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001855NICHD NIH HHS K23 HD084735NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD101718
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionYouth and adults with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) are at risk for cognitive deficits and brain structural changes. Although factors inherent to CAH have been implicated in cognitive dysfunction, little is known about early developmental skills in these patients. Thus, we aimed to investigate development in younger children with CAH.

methodsCross-sectional study of 13 infants and toddlers (0.4-3.5 yrs) and 21 children (3.5-11 yrs) with classical CAH due to 21OHD. Infants and toddlers completed cognitive and motor skills screening (Bayley-4). Children also completed age-appropriate assessment of cognition (WISC-V Digit Span and Spatial Span subtests, NIH Toolbox-Version 2, WRAML-2 Design Memory subtest, CVLT-C) and motor skills (NIH Toolbox-Version 2). Their parents completed standardized reports of adaptive behavior and motor skills (Vineland-3). T tests compared the CAH group (mean percentile, mean ± SD) with normative means.

resultsInfants and toddlers with CAH exhibited lower gross motor skills (27th percentile, 8.2 ± 2.4, p = 0.03) compared to the normative mean. Children with CAH exhibited decreased auditory working memory skills (WISC-V, 27th percentile, 8.2 ± 1.8, p = 0.01), and lower nonverbal learning skills (WRAML-2, 21st percentile, 7.6 ± 3.4, p = 0.02). Their parents reported lower adaptive behavior (Vineland-3, 30th percentile, 92.2 ± 9.1, p = 0.004) and overall motor skills (26th percentile, 90.3 ± 11.4, p = 0.006) than the normative mean.

conclusionsPediatric patients with CAH due to 21OHD exhibit distinct, age-dependent developmental deficits, with infants and toddlers displaying lower gross motor performance, and children exhibiting decreased auditory working memory and adaptive behavior skills. These findings suggest that early signs of developmental deficits in CAH may emerge at a younger age than previously recognized, emphasizing the role of clinical factors inherent to the disease.

Indexed as

Cognitive developmentCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaMotor skillsPediatricsWorking memory

Identifiers

PMID41697902
PMCPMC12945466

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.