Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41697750›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2026

Immune correlates of HIV-1 rebound during broadly neutralizing antibody treatment in young children.

Aischa Niesar, Melanie Lancien, Seohyun Hong, Chloe Naasz, Gbolahan Ajibola, Kenneth Maswabi, Maureen Sakoi-Mosetlhi, Oganne Batlang, Sikhulile Moyo, Terence Mohammed and 17 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03707977 (A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies VRC01LS and 10-1074 on Maintenance of HIV Suppression in a Cohort of Early-Treated Children in Botswana), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03707977 phase1 / phase2completednot on this map

A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies VRC01LS and 10-1074 on Maintenance of HIV Suppression in a Cohort of Early-Treated Children in Botswana (Dual bNAb Treatment in Children)

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)Ran2019 to 2021Enrolled30ConditionsHIV InfectionArmsART, VRC01LS, 10-1074
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Aischa NiesarRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Melanie LancienRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Seohyun HongRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Chloe NaaszRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Gbolahan AjibolaBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Kenneth MaswabiBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Maureen Sakoi-MosetlhiBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Oganne BatlangBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Sikhulile MoyoBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Terence MohammedBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Comfort MaphorisaBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Leah CarrereRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Isabelle RosetoRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ciputra Adijaya HartanaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Toong Seng TanRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ce GaoRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Elizabeth ParsonsRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Renee HuaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Molly Pretorius HolmeDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Shahin LockmanInfectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kathleen M PowisBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Mary CarringtonRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Joseph MakhemaBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Xu G YuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Daniel R KuritzkesInfectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Roger L ShapiroBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Mathias LichterfeldRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Funding

Pediatric Adolescent Virus Elimination (PAVE) Martin Delaney CollaboratoryUM1AI164566 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Ann M Chahroudi, Deborah Persaud · 2021 to 2026
$35.5M
Expansion of research and mentoring to improve birth outcomes and treatment outcomes among HIV-affected children in BotswanaK24AI131924 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Roger L Shapiro · 2018 to 2026
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI131924NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI164566
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are evaluated as possible alternatives to standard antiretroviral treatment (ART) for maintaining control of HIV-1 replication and may enhance immune responses to reduce or control the viral reservoir. However, the immunological and virological effects of bnAbs in infants and children are unknown. We conducted a detailed analysis of proviral reservoir dynamics and antiviral immune responses in a unique group of young children from Botswana who started ART at birth and then stopped standard ART while receiving the bnAbs 10-1074 and VRC01-LS in a subsequent clinical trial. No quantitative changes in frequencies of proviral sequences were observed during bnAb treatment, but selection of genome-intact proviruses in transcriptionally repressive heterochromatin regions occurred in some study participants. Faster viral rebound following standard ART cessation was linked to elevated proportions of KIR2DL1-positive NK cells. In contrast, delayed viral rebound and more limited viral reservoir size were associated with elevated proportions of NKG2A-positive NK cells and with the HLA-B-21M signal peptide polymorphism. HIV-specific T cell responses were low in all study participants and unrelated to viral reservoir sizes or clinical outcomes following ART interruption. These results suggest that, in young children, specific NK cell subsets and KIR-HLA interactions might be linked to HIV-1 rebound kinetics after substitution of standard ART with bnAbs.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingBroadly Neutralizing AntibodiesHIV-1HIV AntibodiesHIV InfectionsChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantKiller Cells, NaturalMaleAntibodies, NeutralizingBroadly Neutralizing AntibodiesHIV AntibodiesAIDS/HIVImmunologyImmunotherapyInnate immunityNK cells

Identifiers

PMID41697750
PMCPMC12904711

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.