ArticleJAMA network open2026
Genomic Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Paris.
Article in JAMA network open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vector Competence for West Nile Virus Lineage 1 and 2: Temperature Dependency in TemperateMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Widespread circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in sedentary and migratory avifauna: A two-year study (2024-2025) of active surveillance in South of France.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Errors in Results and Discussion.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The CRISPR-Cas toolkit for mosquito-borne virus surveillance: detection, tracing, and discovery.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
43 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus, represents an increasing public health threat in Europe. In July 2025, WNV lineage 2 (WNV-L2) was associated with the first autochthonous cases ever detected in the metropolitan area around Paris, France; understanding the dispersal dynamics and geographic origin of these emergence events is critical for public health preparedness. Objectives: To characterize the spatial and temporal dynamics of WNV circulation in France from 2022 to 2025 and to determine the origin of the virus lineages responsible for the 2025 emergence in the Paris metropolitan area. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study was a genomic epidemiology assessment combining human, veterinary, and entomological monitoring, with viral genome sequencing and time-resolved, bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Surveillance was conducted across metropolitan France, with a focus on areas with documented WNV circulation (Eastern and Western Mediterranean, South Atlantic, and Paris). Surveillance included patients with confirmed WNV infection, avian and equine cases, and mosquito collections. Exposures: Natural exposure to WNV through mosquito vectors in affected areas. Main Outcomes and Measures: Phylogenetic relationships between emergence events across regions in France were inferred using a bayesian approach. Results: Genomic data from this epidemiological assessment encompassed 52 WNV-positive samples (6 human, 21 veterinary, and 25 entomological samples). WNV-L2 was the only lineage detected in France between 2022 and 2025. In 2024, Western Mediterranean strains were closely related to those from 2023 from the French South Atlantic area, suggesting west-to-south introduction, whereas Eastern Mediterranean strains represented genetically distinct clades associated with Northern Italy. The phylogenetic analysis of 2025 WNV sequences from the Paris area revealed that the outbreak virus strains all grouped together and originated from the L2 clade of sequences from the South Atlantic area in the 2023 to 2024 period. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, genomic data from an epidemiologic assessment of 52 WNV-positive samples highlight the combined influence of local virus maintenance and long-distance dispersal in shaping WNV circulation in France. Strengthened genomic surveillance across ecological and administrative boundaries would be essential to anticipate further viral spread, inform response strategies, and protect populations at risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.