Article in Epilepsia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registry
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what money
Authors and funding
35 authors.
Aurélie HaninSorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-9998
Clémence MaroisAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-0623
Martin GuillemaudSorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2523-8712
Mario ChavezSorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-4833
Léa CosmeAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0625-0348
Zineb HayatouSorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4696-8703
Aurore BesnardAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Paris, France.
Gwen GoudardAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Paris, France.
Véronique MassonAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Paris, France.
Louis CousynSorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-5575
Margaux ChevalAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-4868
Jérôme A DenisSorbonne Université, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-4617
Rana AlkouriDepartment of Metabolic Biochemistry, DMU BioGeMH, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Paris, France.
Foudil LamariSorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-2935
Francesca BisulliIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-7296
Krista EschbachSection of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-338X
Raquel Farias-MoellerDepartment of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-7703
Nicolas GaspardDepartment of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-6723
Teneille GoftonLondon Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-4884
Margaret T GopaulDepartment of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-3258
Lorenzo MuccioliIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-0099
Elena PasiniIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-455X
Dominique Bonnefont-RousselotDepartment of Metabolic Biochemistry, DMU BioGeMH, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-9202
Sophie DemeretAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-6472
Lawrence J HirschDepartment of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-832X
Vincent NavarroSorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Institut National de de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0077-8114
Funding
CURE Epilepsy's 2023 Rare Epilepsy Partnership Award, in partnership with the NORSE InstituteDaniel Raymond Wong Neurology fund at YaleFFRE-ParatonnerreNORSE/FIRES Research Fund at Yale
6 · The paper itself
Abstract
objectiveCryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus (cNORSE) carries high risks of long-term disability and post-NORSE epilepsy, but mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to assess the predictive value of inflammatory and brain injury biomarkers and determine whether immune disturbances persist in the chronic phase.
methodsWe enrolled 93 cNORSE patients from the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and the Yale NORSE/FIRES biorepository (2013-2025). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected during status epilepticus (SE), with outcomes assessed 6-12 months after resolution. To investigate post-cNORSE epilepsy, we compared 39 post-cNORSE patients (25 with paired acute samples) to 40 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) and 20 with chronic immune-mediated encephalitis.
resultsDuring cNORSE, elevated innate cytokines (serum CXCL8, CCL2; CSF IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2, MIP-1α, G-CSF) and brain injury biomarkers (serum and CSF neurofilament light chain [NfL], CSF neuron-specific enolase) correlated with worse functional outcomes. Multivariate models demonstrated that adding serum NfL to cytokines improved poor outcome prediction (area under the curve = .75). In contrast, no acute biomarker predicted post-cNORSE epilepsy, which was instead associated with prolonged SE, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, and the need for more intensive treatment. In paired analyses, most serum cytokines normalized during the chronic phase, particularly IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1β, although new adaptive immune disturbances (IL-17A, IL-12p70, TNFα) appeared in 20% of patients. No chronic elevations of innate cytokines were observed in post-cNORSE patients. Conversely, elevated age-adjusted NfL levels were more frequent in post-cNORSE epilepsy (64%) than encephalitis (45%) and TLE-HS (20%), (p < .001), with elevated NfL levels correlating with poor functional outcomes (p = .019). SIGNIFICANCE: Innate immune activation is a hallmark of acute cNORSE but largely resolves in the chronic phase, arguing against persistent innate inflammation as the driver of post-cNORSE epilepsy. In contrast, persistently elevated NfL levels suggest ongoing axonal injury, potentially contributing to poor outcomes. Integrating inflammatory and neuroaxonal injury biomarkers may improve risk stratification and guide long-term management.
Indexed as
CytokinesDrug Resistant EpilepsyStatus EpilepticusAdultBiomarkersEncephalitisFemaleHippocampal SclerosisHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament ProteinsYoung AdultBiomarkersCytokinesneurofilament protein LNeurofilament Proteinsbrain injury biomarkerscytokinesnew‐onset refractory status epilepticusNORSE epilepsyNORSE outcome post
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.
Exploring pathways leading to drug-resistant epilepsy for patients with cryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus. · full record | OpenQuestion