ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2026
The role of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer development and their significance as prognostic markers.
Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the remodeling of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment and therapeutic resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic symbiosis and competition: the dual nature of TAM-tumor cell cross-talk in tumor progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are a diverse group of immune cells which have key roles in immune defense, tumor homeostasis, and wound repair. During the last two decades, the role of macrophages as one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating stromal cells has gradually emerged. The normal function of these tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor microenvironment (TME) is to suppress tumor cells through triggering both direct cell cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated immune response. However, they have also been implicated in the progression of cancers. Tumor cells produce chemokines that polarize macrophages into tumor-promoting TAMs. This is the reason why the accumulation of TAMs in TME is correlated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. High plasticity of TAMs makes it feasible to regulate their polarization and adjust the balance between the anti-tumor TAMs and those with pro-tumor phenotypes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview about the origin and polarization of TAMs and their significance as biomarkers for the prediction and prognostication of various cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.