ReviewCurrent HIV/AIDS reports2026
Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Dual Agents in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence.
Review in Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- CD151 identifies a cytotoxic CD4 T cell population enriched in people with HIV that later develop cancer.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewCytotoxic CD4 T cells (CD4 CTL) have long been recognized for their potentially protective role in people with HIV, but only recently have their contributions in HIV-1 pathogenesis and viral persistence been appreciated. This review summarizes evidence highlighting their critical role in HIV-1-mediated CD4 T cell depletion and in maintaining the viral reservoir, with special consideration for their abundance and development in the gut. RECENT
findingsCD4 CTL are increased in frequency in people with HIV (PWH). Granzyme B activity in CD4 CTL promotes HIV-1 mediated death of gut CD4 T cells. CD4 CTL that express survival markers such as BCL-2, TNFR2/CD120b, and OX40 appear to resist HIV-1 mediated cell death, potentially contributing to the viral reservoir. Multiple cytokine (IL-2, IL-15) and transcriptional (BACH2, EOMES) pathways were implicated in CD4 CTL differentiation and maintenance. In the gut, CD4 CTL activity appears to be intricately linked to the microbiome, as cytotoxic protein expression can develop in response to bacterial exposure. CD4 CTL from the gut, induced by the presence of bacteria in vitro, are highly infectable by HIV-1. CD4 CTL may act as dual agents in HIV-1 infection, amplifying tissue damage and serving as resilient cellular reservoirs. Understanding the mechanisms regulating their differentiation, cytotoxicity, and survival could inform new therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring gut mucosal integrity, resolving chronic inflammation, and targeting the persistent HIV-1 reservoir.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.